Table 1.
An overview of included papers regarding COVID-19
| First author (year) | Country | Source of cases | Enrollment period | Sample size (n) | Age, years Median (IQR) | Male No. (%) | History of liver diseases No. (%) | Any abnormal liver biochemical indicator at admission or during hospitalization | Abnormal liver biochemical indicator at admission or during hospitalization No. (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang (2020) [14] | China | Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University | 2020.01.11–2020.02.10 | 82 | 72.5 (65–80) | 54 (65.9%) | 2 (2.4%) | 64/82d | Abnormal ALT 22 (30.6%); Abnormal AST 44 (61.1%); Abnormal TBIL 22 (30.6%); Abnormal ALB 56 (77.8%) |
| Li (2020) [15] | China | Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital | 2020.01.24–2020.02.25 | 82 | 44.8 ± 15.6b | 48 (58.5%) | NA | 38/82 | Abnormal ALT 12 (14.6%); Abnormal AST 10 (12.1%); Abnormal TBIL 11 (13.4%); Abnormal ALB 36 (43.9%) |
| Li (2020) [16] | China | Zhuzhou Central Hospital | 2020.01.20–2020.02.27 | 80 | 47.5 (3–90)a | 40 (50%) | 3 (3.8%) | NA | NA |
| Qi (2020) [17] | China | Three designated hospitals of Chongqing | 2020.01.19–2020.02.16 | 267 | 48 (35–65) | 149 (55.8%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 20 (7.5%); Abnormal AST 19 (7.1%); Abnormal TBIL 6 (2.2%); Abnormal ALB 63 (23.6%) |
| Sun (2020) [18] | China | Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology | 2020.02.09–2020.02.27 | 51 | NA | NA | 7 (13.7%) | 29/51 | Abnormal ALT 24 (47.1%); Abnormal AST 24 (47.1%); Abnormal ALB 26 (51%); Abnormal GGT 18 (35.3%); Abnormal ALP 7 (13.7%) |
| Guan (2020) [19] | China | 552 Hospitals | Till Jan. 29, 2020 | 1099 | 47 (35–58) | 637 (58.1%) | 23 (2.1%) | NA | Abnormal AST 168 (22.2%); Abnormal ALT 158 (21.3%); Abnormal TBIL 76 (10.5%) |
| Wang (2020) [20] | China | The Public Health Treatment Center of Changsha | 2020.01.17–2020.02.20 | 242 | 45 (1-84)a | 119 (49.2%) | 12 (5%) | NA | NA |
| Huang (2020) [21] | China | Jinyintan Hospital | 2019.12.16–2020.01.02 | 41 | 49 (41–58) | 30 (73%) | 1 (2.4%) | NA | Abnormal AST 15 (36.6%) |
| Huang (2020) [22] | China | Fifth Hospital of Wuhan | 2020.01.21–2020.02.10 | 36 | 69.22 ± 9.64b | 25 (69.44%) | NA | 22/36 | Abnormal ALT 4 (13.3%); Abnormal AST 18 (58.1%); Abnormal TBIL 4 (12.9%); Abnormal ALB 25 (80.6%) |
| Jin (2020) [23] | China | Designated hospitals in Zhejiang | 2020.01.17–2020.02.08 | 651 | NA | 301 (46.2%) | 25 (3.8%) | 64/651d | NA |
| Wen (2020) [24] | China | Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital | 2020.01.20–2020.02.08 | 46 | 41.8 ± 16.3b | 27 (58.7%) | NA | 8/46 | Abnormal ALT 8 (17.4%); Abnormal AST 5 (10.9%); Abnormal ALB 1 (2.2%) |
| Yang (2020) [25] | China | Nanjing Public Health Center | 2020.01.01 to date | 57 | 37 (5–97)a | 29 (50.9%) | NA | 9/57 | Abnormal ALT 9 (15.8%); Abnormal AST 4 (7%) |
| Cheng (2020) [26] | China | Jinyintan Hospital | 2020.01.01–2020.02.06 | 463 | 51 (43–60) | 244 (52.7%) | 22 (4.8%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 114 (24.6%); Abnormal TBIL 19 (4.1%); Abnormal ALB 125 (27%) |
| Liu (2020) [27] | China | Seven designated hospitals of China | 2020.01.23–2020.02.03 | 32 | 38.50 (26.25–45.75) | 20 (62.5%) | 1 (3.1%) | NA | Abnormal ALTc 9 (28.1%); Abnormal ASTc 2 (6.25%) |
| Liu (2020) [28] | China | The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University | 2020.01.10–2020.01.30 | 30 | 35 ± 8b | 10 (33%) | NA | 7/30 | Abnormal AST and ALT 7 (23.3%) |
| Xu (2020) [29] | China | Fifth People’s Hospital of Xinyang | 2020.01.22–2020.01.29 | 23 | 46 (40.5–52) | 15 (65.2%) | NA | 5/23 | Abnormal ALT 5 (21.7%); Abnormal AST 5 (21.7%) |
| Qian (2020) [30] | China | Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center | 2020.01.20–2020.02.24 | 324 | 51 (36–64) | 167 (51.5%) | 90 (27.8%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 51 (15.7%); Abnormal TBIL 21 (6.5%); Abnormal ALB 136 (42%); Abnormal ALP 4 (1.2%) |
| Zhao (2020) [31] | China | The Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning | 2020.01.22–2020.02.05 | 28 | 44.5 (11–68)a | 11 (39.3%) | NA | NA | Abnormal AST 3 (10.7%); Abnormal ALT 6 (21.4%) |
| Wang (2020) [32] | China | Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology | 2020.01.10–2020.02.14 | 333 | NA | NA | 12 (3.6%) |
89/333 43/333d |
Abnormal ALT or AST 89 (26.7%); Abnormal TBILc 13 (3.9%); Abnormal ALB 82 (24.6%) |
| Zhong (2020) [33] | China | Hainan General Hospital | 2020.01.21–2020.02.10 | 62 | (51.8 ± 13.5)b | 40 (64.5%) | NA | 10/52 | Abnormal ALT 6 (11.5%); Abnormal AST 4 (7.7%); Abnormal ALB 8 (15.4%) |
| Xiang (2020) [34] | China | The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University | 2020.01.21–2020.01.27 | 49 | 42.9 (18–78) | 33 (67.3) | 6 (12.2%) | NA | NA |
| Wan (2020) [35] | China | Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital | 2020.01.23–2020.02.08 | 135 | 47 (36–55) | 72 (53.3%) | 2 (1.5%) | NA | Abnormal AST 30 (22.2%) |
| Xu (2020) [36] | China | Seven designated tertiary hospitals of Zhejiang | 2020.01.10–2020.01.26 | 62 | 41 (32–52) | 35 (56%) | 7 (11.3%) | NA | Abnormal AST 10 (16.1%) |
| Yang (2020) [37] | China | Three tertiary hospitals of Wenzhou | 2020.01.17–2020.02.10 | 149 | 45.11 ± 13.35b | 81(54.4%) | NA | NA | Abnormal AST 27 (18.1%); Abnormal ALT 18 (12.1%); Abnormal TBIL 4 (2.7%); Abnormal ALB 9 (6%) |
| Yao (2020) [38] | China | Tangdu Hospital | 2020.01.21–2020.02.21 | 40 | 53.87 ± 15.84b | 25 (62.5%) | 3 (7.5%) |
0 22/40d |
Abnormal ALTc 21 (52.5%); Abnormal ASTc 16 (40%); Abnormal TBILc 10 (25%) |
| Ma (2020) [39] | China | Wuhan Children’s Hospital | NA | 115 | 51 day–15 year | 74 (63.5%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 11 (9.6%); Abnormal TBIL 3 (2.6%) |
| Young (2020) [40] | Singapore | Four hospitals in Singapore | 2020.01.23–2020.02.03 | 18 | 47 (31–73)b | 9 (50%) | NA | 3/18d | NA |
| Zhou (2020) [41] | China | The First People’s Hospital of Xianning City | 2019.12–2020.02 | 107 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 25 (23%); Abnormal AST 23 (21%) |
| Zhao (2020) [42] | China | The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and Suzhou Municipal Hospital in Anhui | 2020.01.23–2020.02.05 | 19 | 48 (27–56) | 11 (57.9%) | 1 (5.3%) | NA | Abnormal AST 5 (27.8%); Abnormal ALT 5 (27.8%); Abnormal GGT 8 (44.4%) |
| Du (2020) [43] | China | Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital | 2019.12.25–2020.02.07 | 179 | 57.6 ± 13.7b | 97 (54.2%) | NA | 57/179 | Abnormal AST 57 (31.8%) |
| Wang (2020) [44] | China | Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University | 2020.01.01–2020.02.06 | 339 | 69 (65–76) | 166 (49%) | 2 (0.6%) | 96/334 | NA |
| Xie (2020) [45] | China | Jinyintan Hospital | 2020.02.02–2020.02.23 | 79 | 60 (48–66) | 44 (55.7%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 25 (31.6%); Abnormal AST 28 (35.4%); Abnormal TBIL 4 (5.1%) |
| Pan (2020) [46] | China | Wuhan Hanan Hospital, Wuhan Union Hospital, and Huanggang Central Hospital | 2020.01.18–2020.02.28 | 204 | 52.91 ± 15.98b | 107 (52.5%) | 2 (1.9%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 27 (13.2%); Abnormal AST 22 (10.8%) |
| Cai (2020) [47] | China | The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen | 2020.01.11–2020.02.21 | 417 | 47 (34–60) | 198 (47.5%) | 21 (5%) |
192/417 318/417d |
Abnormal ALT 54 (12.9%); Abnormal AST 76 (18.2%); Abnormal TBIL 96 (23%); Abnormal ALP 16 (3.8%); Abnormal GGT 68 (16.3%); Abnormal ALT 187 (44.8%)c; Abnormal AST 150 (36%)c; Abnormal TBIL 204 (48.9%)c; Abnormal ALP 32 (7.7%)c; Abnormal GGT 155 (37.2%)c |
| Sun (2020) [48] | China | Designated hospitals in Nanyang City | 2020.01.24–2020.02.16 | 150 | 45 ± 16b | 67 (44.7%) | 1 (0.6%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 24 (16%); Abnormal AST 15 (10%); Abnormal TBIL 3 (2%) |
| Zheng (2020) [49] | China | North Hospital of Changsha first Hospital | 2020.01.17–2020.02.07 | 161 | 45 (33.5–57) | 80 (49.7%) | 4 (2.5%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 13 (8.1%); Abnormal AST 22 (13.7%); Abnormal TBIL 9 (5.6%) |
| Zhang (2020) [50] | China | Wuhan Xinzhou District People’s Hospital | 2020.01.16–2020.02.25 | 95 | 49 (39–58) | 53 (55.8%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 52 (54.7%)c; Abnormal AST 45 (47.4%)c |
| Zhang (2020) [51] | China | Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University | 2020.01.18–2020.02.22 | 115 | 49.52 ± 17.06b | 49 (42.60%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 11 (9.6%); Abnormal AST 17 (14.8%); Abnormal TBIL 8 (6.96%); Abnormal ALP 6 (5.21%); Abnormal GGT 15 (13%); Abnormal ALB 63 (54.78%) |
| Fang (2020) [52] | China |
Infectious Hospital of Anhui Provincial Hospital |
2020.01.22–2020.02.19 | 79 | 45. 1 ± 16. 6b | 45 (57%) | 3 (3.8%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 12 (15.2%); Abnormal AST 9 (11.4%); Abnormal TBIL 20 (25.3%) |
| Li (2020) [53] | China | Designated hospitals in Bozhou | 2020.02.01–2020.02.12 | 28 | 42.2 ± 14.9b | 15 (53.6%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 23 (82.1%); Abnormal AST 14 (50%); Abnormal GGT 23 (82.1%); Abnormal TBIL 2 (7.1%) |
| Wang (2020) [54] | China | Xixi Hospital in Hangzhou | 2020.01.23–2020.02.24 | 72 | NA | 32 (44.4%) | NA | 17/72 | NA |
| Yuan (2020) [55] | China | Chongqing Public Health Medical Treatment Center | 2020.01.24–2020.02.23 | 223 | 46.5 ± 16.1b | 106 (47.5%) | 8 (3.6%) | NA | Abnormal ALT 42 (18.8%); Abnormal AST 32 (14.3%) |
| Bai (2020) [56] | China | Wuhan Union Hospital | 2020.01.29–2020.02.26 | 58 | 62.12 ± 12.95b | 28 (48.3%) | NA | NA | Abnormal ALT 32 (55.2%); Abnormal AST 25 (43.1%); Abnormal ALB 43 (74.1%) |
| Huang (2020) [57] | China | Ten designated hospitals in Jiangsu | 2020.01.22–2020.02.10 | 221 | 45 (33.5–56) | 126 (57%) | 6 (2.7%) | NA | NA |
| Li (2020) [58] | China | Beijing You’an Hospital | 2020.01.21–2020.02.29 | 85 | 49 (36–64) | 47 (55.3%) | 6 (7%) |
21/85 12/85d |
Abnormal ALT 21 (24.7%); Abnormal ALT 12 (14.1%)c; Abnormal AST 12 (14.1%)c |
ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, TBIL total bilirubin, ALB albumin, NA not available
aMedian (range)
bMean ± SD
cLiver biochemical indicator during hospitalization
dProportion of any abnormal liver biochemical indicator during hospitalization