Table 4.
Detection of the 4F-MDMB-BINACA phase I metabolites (metabolite IDs correspond to Table 1) in in vitro incubations containing 1 out of 11 monooxygenase isozymes, respectively, or pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM).
| Enzyme preparation | Metabolite ID and metabolic reaction | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MB1 (Amide hydrolysis) | MB4 (N-Dealkylation) | MB6 (Lactone formation) | MB8 (Ester hydrolysis) | MB11 (Oxidative defluorination) | MB16 (Hydroxylation of the tert-butyl part) | MB17 (Hydroxylation of the butyl chain) | MB18 (Hydroxylation of the indazole part isomer 1) | MB19 (Hydroxylation of the indazole part isomer 2) | |
| CYP1A2 | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + |
| CYP2A6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CYP2B6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CYP2C8 | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – |
| CYP2C9 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CYP2C19 | – | + | – | – | – | – | + | + | + |
| CYP2D6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CYP2E1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| CYP3A4 | – | + | + | – | – | – | + | + | – |
| CYP3A5 | – | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + |
| FMO3 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| pHLM | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
Incubations were performed in duplicate. CYP, cytochrome P450; FMO, flavin-containing monooxygenase; +, detected; −, not detected.