Voyager (1979) |
Hunt and Muller (1979), Flasar and Gierasch (1986) |
27°S to 27°N |
70–430 |
Galileo (1996) |
Bosak and Ingersoll (2002) |
13°S |
300 |
Galileo (1999) |
Arregi et al. (2009), Simon, Li, and Reuter (2015) |
0.2°N, 3.6°N |
155–205 |
Galileo (2001) |
Arregi et al. (2009) |
1.8°S |
195–215 |
New Horizons (2007) |
Reuter et al. (2007), Simon, Li, and Reuter (2015) |
0° to 1.1°N |
280–330 |
Juno/JIRAM (2017) |
Adriani, Moriconi, et al. (2018), Fletcher et al. (2018) |
14° to 15°N |
1,400–1,900 |
Juno/JunoCam (2017) |
Sánchez‐Lavega et al. (2018) |
16°S |
35 |
Hubble Space Telescope (2012–2018) |
Simon et al. (2018) |
14.5° ± 2.5°N |
1,220–1,340 |
Ground‐Based Visible Observations (2017) |
Simon et al. (2018) |
14.5° ± 2.5°N |
1,220–1,340 |
Ground‐Based 5‐μm Observations (2016–2017) |
Fletcher et al. (2018) |
14.5° ± 2.5°N |
1,300–1,600 |