Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of CRIC Participants With Baseline eGFRs < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and RAS Inhibitor Use
| Overall (N = 678) | No ACEi/ARB (N = 159) | Always User (N = 386) | Dynamic User (N = 85) | New User (N = 48) | Missing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 59 ± 11 | 59 ± 12 | 59 ± 11 | 59 ± 11 | 56 ± 14 | 0 |
| Male sex | 315 (47%) | 67 (42%) | 185 (48%) | 39 (46%) | 24 (50%) | 0 |
| Race | 0 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 256 (38%) | 55 (35%) | 160 (42%) | 31 (37%) | 10 (21%) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 269 (40%) | 62 (39%) | 152 (39%) | 32 (38%) | 23 (48%) | |
| Hispanic | 122 (18%) | 31 (20%) | 60 (16%) | 19 (22%) | 12 (25%) | |
| Other | 31 (5%) | 11 (7%) | 14 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 3 (6%) | |
| Diabetes | 364 (54%) | 68 (43%) | 225 (58%) | 45 (53%) | 26 (54%) | 0 |
| Hypertension | 619 (91%) | 137 (86%) | 359 (93%) | 79 (93%) | 44 (92%) | 0 |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 1.5 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 0 |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | 0 | |||||
| 0 | 32 (5%) | 22 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 8 (17%) | |
| 1 | 82 (12%) | 34 (21%) | 36 (9%) | 7 (8%) | 5 (10%) | |
| 2 | 147 (22%) | 40 (25%) | 76 (20%) | 20 (24%) | 11 (23%) | |
| 3 | 154 (23%) | 32 (20%) | 98 (25%) | 12 (14%) | 12 (25%) | |
| ≥4 | 263 (39%) | 31 (20%) | 176 (46%) | 44 (52%) | 12 (25%) | |
| β-Blockers | 370 (55%) | 86 (54%) | 207 (54%) | 48 (57%) | 29 (60%) | 0 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 346 (51%) | 83 (52%) | 191 (50%) | 45 (53%) | 27 (56%) | 0 |
| Diuretics | 476 (70%) | 97 (61%) | 283 (73%) | 62 (73%) | 34 (71%) | 0 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 131 ± 23 | 134 ± 21 | 128 ± 23 | 133 ± 24 | 139 ± 23 | 0 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 70 ± 13 | 72 ± 12 | 69 ± 12 | 70 ± 16 | 74 ± 13 | 0 |
| Potassium level, mEq/L | 4.53 ± 0.57 | 4.42 ± 0.55 | 4.60 ± 0.57 | 4.56 ± 0.58 | 4.37 ± 0.56 | 0 |
| Ejection fraction categories | 175 (26%) | |||||
| >50% | 390 (78%) | 96 (79%) | 228 (79%) | 37 (65%) | 29 (83%) | |
| 46%-50% | 46 (9%) | 14 (12%) | 24 (8%) | 8 (14%) | 0 (0%) | |
| 36%-45% | 42 (8%) | 9 (7%) | 23 (8%) | 7 (12%) | 3 (9%) | |
| ≤35% | 25 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 14 (5%) | 5 (9%) | 3 (9%) | |
| Left ventricular mass, g | 222 ± 66 | 213 ± 65 | 221 ± 61 | 244 ± 84 | 233 ± 72 | 230 (34%) |
| Heart failure | 86 (13%) | 10 (6%) | 56 (15%) | 14 (17%) | 6 (13%) | 0 |
| Coronary artery disease | 263 (39%) | 44 (28%) | 160 (42%) | 40 (47%) | 19 (40%) | 0 |
| Current smoker | 99 (15%) | 37 (23%) | 41 (11%) | 13 (15%) | 8 (17%) | 0 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 32.28.3 | 30.17.9 | 33.0±8.4 | 32.6±8.6 | 32.5±6.9 | 3 (0.4%) |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 25 ± 3 | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 3 | 24 ± 3 | 25 ± 4 | 0 |
| Urinary protein-creatinine ratio, g/g | 0.54 [0.12-1.81] | 0.62 [0.17-2.17] | 0.46 [0.11-1.40] | 0.65 [0.11-2.76] | 1.02 [0.22-3.04] | 0 |
| Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, mg/g | 261 [43-1,151] | 252 [50-1,406] | 237 [38-915] | 418 [49-1,655] | 575 [63-2,277] | 0 |
Note: Values expressed as number (percent), mean ± standard deviation, or median [interquartile range] unless otherwise noted.
Abbreviations: ACEi/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CRIC, Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; RAS, renin-angiotensin system.