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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Mar 2;5(7):698–710. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30416-9

Table 1.

Biomarkers representative of early pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development

Biomarkers
Proteomic CA19-9, CEA, CEMIP, TSP-1, TSP-2, VNN1 (downstream markers), MUC1, MUC2
Metabolomic M2-pyruvate kinase, palmitic acid, inositol, proline, ceramide, phosphatidyl choline, isocitrate
Genetic KRAS, GNAS, SMAD4, TP53
Transcriptomic miR-486·5p, –16, –24, –27a, –30a.5p, –323·3p, –20a, –25, –29c, –483·5p

CA19-9=carbohydrate antigen 19-9. CEA=carcinoembryonic antigen.