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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Nov 27;141(49):19231–19235. doi: 10.1021/jacs.9b10717

Scheme 1. Engineered Biosynthetic Pathway for Production of EA and Late-Stage Pathway Intermediatesa.

Scheme 1.

aArrows represent previously characterized biosynthetic genes. The coniferyl alcohol (CA) pathway is shared by all vascular plants, including tobacco, while the (−)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) and etoposide aglycone (EA) genes are less widespread (see Supporting Information). The latter five DPT enzymes and EA cytochromes P450 are thought to be more specific to EA production and are not found in tobacco.