Table 3.

The definitions of health data management systems.

Number	Year	Source	Definition
1	1793	Siegler [10]	“[...] Names and Diseases of the Persons, received, deceased or discharged in the same, with the date of each event, and the Place from whence the Patients last came [...]”
2	1805	Siegler [10]	“The house physician, with the aid of his assistant, under the direction of the attending physician, shall keep a register of all medical cases which occur in the hospital, and which the latter shall think worthy of preservation, which book shall be neatly bound, and kept in the library for the inspection of the friends of the patients, the governors, physicians and surgeons, and the students attending the hospital.”
3	1941	Sayles and Gordon [12]	“Accurate and complete medical records [...] which includes identification data; complaint; personal and family history; history of the present illness; physical examination; special examinations such as consultations, clinical laboratory, x-ray and other examinations; provisional or working diagnosis; medical or surgical treatment; gross or microscopical pathological findings; progress notes; final diagnosis; condition on discharge; follow-up; and, in case of death, autopsy findings.”
4	1968	Weed [14]	“The computer is making a major contribution [...] the patient will gain from his physician an immediate sympathetic understanding [...] inadequate analysis by the medical profession can be avoided.”
5	1968	Weed [14]	“[...] orient data around each problem [...] complete list of all the patient's problems [...] diagnosis and all other unexpected findings or symptoms [...] The list is separated into active and inactive problems, and in this way, those of immediate importance are easily discernible [...] orders, plans, progress notes and numerical data can be recorded under the numbered and titled problem [...]”
6	1993	Cynthia [40]	“Digital versions of paper charts that contain the medical and treatment history of the patients from one practice for providers to use for diagnosis and treatment”
7	1997	Dick et al [21]	“Electronic patient record [...] support users through availability of complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts, clinical decision support systems, links to bodies of medical knowledge, and other aids.”
8	2001	Eysenbach [25]	“[…] medical informatics, public health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or enhanced through the Internet and related technologies […] an attitude, and a commitment for networked, global thinking, to improve health care locally, regionally, and worldwide by using information and communication technology.”
9	2002	Cameron and Turtle-Song [41]	“The subjective component contains information about the problem [...] objective information consists of those observations made by the counselor [...] assessment section demonstrates how [...] data are formulated, interpreted, and reflected upon, and the plan section summarized the treatment direction.”
10	2003	Markle Foundation [42]	“[…] electronic application through which individuals can access, manage and share their health information, and that of others for whom they are authorized, in a private, secure, and confidential environment.”
11	2003	HIMSSa [1]	“[...] longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters [...] patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data and radiology reports [...] automates and streamlines the clinician's workflow. The EHRs has the ability to generate a complete record of a clinical patient encounter [...] evidence-based decision support, quality management, and outcomes reporting.”
12	2003	HIMSS [43]	“The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is a secure, real-time, point-of-care, patient-centric information resource […] decision making by providing access to patient health record information where and when they need it and by incorporating evidence-based decision support […] billing, quality management, outcomes reporting, resource planning, and public health disease surveillance and reporting.”
13	2005	AHIMAb [44]	“[...] lifelong resource of health information needed by individuals to make health decisions. Individuals own and manage the information [...] is maintained in a secure and private environment, with the individual determining rights of access [...]”
14	2008	Böcking and Trojanus [45]	“Health data management […] acquiring, entering, processing, coding, outputting, retrieving, and storing of data gathered in the different areas of health care […] also embraces the validation and control of data according to legal or professional requirements.”
15	2013	HIPAAc [22]	“A major goal […] to protect the privacy of individuals’ health information […] adopt new technologies to improve the quality and efficiency of patient care.”

^aHIMSS: Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society.

^bAHIMA: American Health Information Management Association.

^cHIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.