Table 4.

Health data management systems in the literature vs the requirements.

System	Medical record data	Real-time data	Patient participation		Sharing				Security		Privacy		Public insights
			Data access	Data input		Degree 1	Degree 2	Degree 3
Paper-based	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Encounters high delays	Does not allow patients to track the use of their medical data	Does not allow patients to provide their health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Does not allow data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family		Does not provide methods against cybersecurity attacks		Does not provide methods for preserving a patient’s privacy		Does not support prediction
Computer-based	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Encounters high delays	Does not allow patients to track the use of their medical data	Does not allow patients to provide their health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Allows data sharing with other medical organizations and government		Does not provide methods against cybersecurity attacks		Does not provide methods for preserving a patient’s privacy		Does not support prediction
Client-server–based	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Allows data retrieval in real time	Allows patients to access and monitor their medical data	Does not allow patients to provide their health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Allows data sharing with other medical organizations and government		Does not provide methods against cybersecurity attacks		Does not provide methods for preserving a patient’s privacy		Does not support prediction
Cloud-based	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Allows data retrieval in real time	Allows patients to access and monitor their medical data	Does not allow patients to provide their health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Allows data sharing with other medical organizations and government		Does not provide methods against cybersecurity attacks		Does not reveal a patient’s identity		Does not support prediction
IoTa-based	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Allows data retrieval in real time	Allows patients to access and monitor their medical data	Allows patients to provide health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Allows data sharing with other medical organizations and government		Does not provide methods against cybersecurity attacks		Does not provide methods for preserving a patient’s privacy		Provides methods for the prediction of health conditions
Big data analytics	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Allows data retrieval in real time	Allows patients to access and monitor their medical data	Allows patients to provide health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Allows data sharing with other medical organizations and government		Does not provide methods against cybersecurity attacks		Does not reveal a patient’s identity		Provides methods for the prediction of health conditions
Blockchain-based	Allows recording of medical data for eventual use	Allows data retrieval in real time	Allows patients to access and monitor their medical data	Allows patients to provide health conditions		Supports data sharing only within the same hospital	Allows data sharing with the patient, patient’s friends, and family	Allows data sharing with other medical organizations and government		Ensures the protection of medical data against cybersecurity attacks		Does not reveal a patient’s identity		Provides methods for the prediction of health conditions

^aIoT: Internet of Things.