Table 4.
Secondary outcomes of self-management behaviors, quality of life, 6-min walk test, frailty, and depression.
| Compliancea | Baseline | 6 months | Difference from baseline | P value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ITEC-CHFb | Usual care | ITEC-CHF | Usual care | ITEC-CHF | Usual care | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | |||||||||||||||||
| Health maintenance score | 90 (99) | 3.83 (0.48) | 93 (100) | 3.77 (0.61) | 67 (74) | 3.88 (0.33) | 81 (87) | 3.60 (0.96) | 66 (73) | 0.06 (0.49) | 81 (87) | −0.20 (1.03) | .04 | |||||||||||||||
| Medications score | 90 (99) | 3.68 (0.79) | 93 (100) | 3.73 (0.81) | 67 (74) | 3.70 (0.78) | 81 (87) | 3.69 (0.74) | 66 (73) | 0.08 (0.54) | 81 (87) | −0.04 (0.87) | .05 | |||||||||||||||
| Diet score | 90 (99) | 2.56 (1.11) | 93 (100) | 2.81 (1.10) | 67 (74) | 2.97 (1.02) | 81 (87) | 2.81 (1.05) | 66 (73) | 0.35 (1.05) | 81 (87) | −0.01 (1.07) | .008 | |||||||||||||||
| Exercise score | 90 (99) | 1.83 (1.19) | 93 (100) | 2.04 (1.30) | 67 (74) | 1.85 (1.33) | 81 (87) | 1.83 (1.34) | 66 (73) | −0.03 (1.02) | 81 (87) | −0.21 (1.06) | .1 | |||||||||||||||
| Smoking score | 90 (99) | 0.53 (1.43) | 93 (100) | 0.45 (1.26) | 67 (74) | 0.39 (1.18) | 81 (87) | 0.37 (1.13) | 66 (73) | −0.14 (1.51) | 81 (87) | −0.11 (1.14) | .48 | |||||||||||||||
| Alcohol use score | 90 (99) | 0.57 (1.27) | 93 (100) | 0.70 (1.47) | 67 (74) | 0.45 (1.07) | 81 (87) | 0.68 (1.44) | 66 (73) | −0.06 (1.19) | 81 (87) | 0.02 (1.15) | .32 | |||||||||||||||
| EQ-5Dc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mobility score | 90 (99) | 1.63 (0.84) | 93 (100) | 1.86 (0.90) | 66 (73) | 1.71 (0.95) | 81 (87) | 1.98 (1.03) | 65 (71) | 0.12 (0.72) | 81 (87) | 0.11 (0.81) | .44 | |||||||||||||||
| Self-care score | 90 (99) | 1.21 (0.53) | 93 (100) | 1.33 (0.66) | 66 (73) | 1.22 (0.54) | 81 (87) | 1.30 (0.64) | 65 (71) | 0.03 (0.39) | 81 (87) | −0.04 (0.62) | .26 | |||||||||||||||
| Usual activities score | 90 (99) | 1.74 (0.94) | 93 (100) | 1.74 (1.01) | 66 (73) | 1.65 (1.01) | 81 (87) | 1.68 (0.92) | 66 (73) | −0.06 (0.73) | 81 (87) | −0.07 (0.79) | .59 | |||||||||||||||
| Discomfort score | 90 (99) | 1.86 (0.94) | 93 (100) | 2.00 (0.98) | 66 (73) | 1.86 (1.01) | 81 (87) | 2.02 (0.97) | 65 (71) | 0.00 (0.77) | 81 (87) | 0.02 (0.85) | .46 | |||||||||||||||
| Anxiety/depression score | 90 (99) | 1.87 (0.91) | 93 (100) | 1.82 (0.91) | 66 (73) | 1.85 (0.92) | 81 (87) | 1.79 (0.94) | 65 (71) | −0.05 (0.74) | 81 (87) | −0.01 (0.68) | .38 | |||||||||||||||
| Your health today score | 90 (99) | 70.22 (18.54) | 93 (100) | 68.74 (17.95) | 66 (73) | 75.97 (20.95) | 81 (87) | 70.02 (18.62) | 65 (71) | 4.05 (15.95) | 81 (87) | 1.10 (14.28) | .13 | |||||||||||||||
| 6-min walk test | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Walked distance (m) | 89 (98) | 367.24 (122.93) | 93 (100) | 350.45 (108.96) | 62 (68) | 396.77 (131.68) | 77 (87) | 367.19 (130.88) | 61 (67) | 17.16 (54.23) | 77 (83) | 10.23 (70.04) | .4 | |||||||||||||||
| Frailty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Frailty score | 90 (99) | 3.07 (1.01) | 93 (100) | 3.42 (1.13) | 63 (69) | 2.89 (1.29) | 81 (87) | 3.22 (1.31) | 64 (70) | −0.19 (0.94) | 81 (87) | −0.23 (0.90) | .54 | |||||||||||||||
| Depression | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sleep score | 89 (98) | 3.30 (2.10) | 91 (98) | 3.74 (1.93) | 64 (70) | 3.40 (2.04) | 81 (87) | 3.80 (2.00) | 65 (71) | 0.12 (1.59) | 80 (86) | 0.01 (1.72) | .5 | |||||||||||||||
| Spirits score | 89 (98) | 2.26 (1.39) | 91 (98) | 2.48 (1.58) | 64 (70) | 2.28 (1.63) | 81 (87) | 2.53 (1.54) | 65 (71) | 0.18 (1.27) | 80 (86) | 0.02 (1.10) | .48 | |||||||||||||||
| Tearful score | 89 (98) | 2.12 (1.80) | 91 (98) | 2.36 (1.89) | 64 (70) | 2.08 (1.77) | 81 (87) | 2.47 (1.84) | 66 (73) | −0.03 (1.30) | 80 (86) | 0.09 (1.22) | .3 | |||||||||||||||
| Frustrated score | 89 (98) | 3.04 (2.02) | 91 (98) | 3.23 (1.78) | 64 (70) | 2.89 (1.95) | 81 (87) | 2.89 (1.76) | 66 (73) | −0.03 (1.48) | 80 (86) | −0.21 (1.26) | .42 | |||||||||||||||
| Pleasure score | 89 (98) | 2.39 (1.42) | 91 (98) | 2.59 (1.59) | 64 (70) | 2.23 (1.60) | 81 (87) | 2.46 (1.57) | 66 (73) | −0.02 (1.33) | 80 (86) | −0.06 (1.04) | .4 | |||||||||||||||
aCompliance with self-management behaviors was assessed using the Heart Failure Compliance Questionnaire.
bThe innovative telemonitoring enhanced care program for chronic heart failure (ITEC-CHF) was associated with significant improvements in the subcategories of health maintenance, medication adherence, and diet in the compliance assessment.
cEQ-5D: five-dimension EuroQol.