Table 2.
Sample patient characteristics of nonparticipating and participating groups.
| Variables | Nonparticipating cohort (n=2554) | Participating cohort (n=2059) | P value | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 68.07 (9.76) | 66.83 (9.63) | <.05 a | |
| Sex, n (%) | .07 | |||
|
|
Female | 1475 (57.75) | 1244 (60.42) |
|
|
|
Male | 1079 (42.25) | 815 (39.58) |
|
| Race, n (%) |
|
|||
|
|
White | 2100 (82.22) | 1687 (81.93) | .83 |
|
|
African American | 332 (13.00) | 263 (12.77) | .85 |
|
|
Asian | 54 (2.11) | 49 (2.38) | .61 |
|
|
Native American | 6 (0.23) | 0 (0.00) | .50 |
|
|
Others | 28 (1.10) | 14 (0.68) | .19 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|||
|
|
Hispanics | 175 (6.85) | 133 (6.46) | .63 |
|
|
Non-Hispanics | 2360 (92.40) | 1913 (92.91) | .55 |
|
|
Declined to answer | 19 (0.74) | 1297 (0.63) | .78 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|||
|
|
Hypertension | 829 (32.46) | 792 (38.47) | <.05 |
|
|
Hyperlipidemia | 578 (22.63) | 566 (27.49) | <.0 |
|
|
Unilateral primary osteoarthritis | 1112 (43.54) | 1205 (58.52) | <.001 |
|
|
Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 445 (17.42) | 4410 (21.42) | <.05 |
aThe italicized values are statistically significant at a level of .05.