Table 2.
Symptoms, Comorbidities, and Treatments of Critically Ill COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients
| Variable | Total (n=59) | Survivors (n=18) | Non-Survivors (n=41) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | ||||
| Body temperature (°C) | 38.2±1.00 | 38.3±0.78 | 38.1±1.08 | 0.476 |
| Fever | 47 (79.7%) | 17 (94.4%) | 30 (73.2%) | 0.417 |
| Dry cough | 46 (78.0%) | 16 (88.9%) | 30 (73.2%) | 0.307 |
| Chilling | 7 (11.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 6 (14.6%) | 0.422 |
| Disorder of consciousness | 8 (13.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 7 (17.5%) | 0.414 |
| Dyspnea | 33 (55.9%) | 7 (38.9%) | 26 (63.4%) | 0.081 |
| Hemoptysis | 4 (6.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (9.8%) | 0.302 |
| Chest tightness | 31 (52.5%) | 12 (66.7%) | 19 (46.3%) | 0.150 |
| Cyanosis | 3 (5.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.546 |
| Headache | 6 (10.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (14.6%) | 0.164 |
| Myalgia | 10 (17.0%) | 1 (5.6%) | 9 (22.0%) | 0.154 |
| Fatigue | 20 (33.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 19 (46.3%) | 0.002 |
| Anorexia | 11 (18.6%) | 2 (11.1%) | 9 (22.0%) | 0.476 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 4 (6.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (9.8%) | 0.303 |
| Diarrhea | 22 (37.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 19 (46.3%) | 0.030 |
| Complications | ||||
| ARDS | 43 (72.9%) | 9 (50.0%) | 34 (82.9%) | 0.013 |
| Shock | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1.000 |
| AKI | 25 (42.4%) | 1 (5.6%) | 26 (58.5%) | 0.000 |
| Cardiac injury | 38 (64.4%) | 6 (33.3%) | 32 (78.1%) | 0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 16 (27.1%) | 1 (5.6%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.023 |
| Liver dysfunction | 13 (22.0%) | 1 (5.6%) | 12 (29.3%) | 0.049 |
| Hemoptysis | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (2.4%) | 1.000 |
| Hyperglycemia | 34 (58.1%) | 9 (50.0%) | 25 (61.0%) | 0.432 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 5 (8.5%) | 1 (5.6%) | 4 (9.8%) | 1.000 |
| Pneumothorax | 4 (6.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 3 (7.3%) | 1.000 |
| HAP | 8 (13.6%) | 1 (5.6%) | 7 (17.1%) | 0.413 |
| Bacteremia | 3 (5.1%) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (4.9%) | 1.000 |
| Urinary tract infection | 10 (17.0%) | 2 (11.1%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.708 |
| Treatments | ||||
| High flow nasal cannula | 45 (76.3%) | 16 (88.9%) | 29 (70.7%) | 0.189 |
| Mechanical ventilation | ||||
| Non-invasive | 43 (72.9%) | 8 (44.4%) | 35 (85.4%) | 0.003 |
| Invasive | 37 (62.7%) | 3 (16.7%) | 34 (82.9%) | 0.000 |
| ECMO | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.089 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 14 (23.7%) | 5 (27.8%) | 9 (22.0%) | 0.742 |
| Vasoconstrictive agents | 38 (65.5%) | 3 (16.7%) | 35 (87.5%) | 0.000 |
| Common antiviral agents | 52 (88.1%) | 16 (88.9%) | 36 (87.8%) | 1.000 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 6 (10.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (14.6%) | 0.164 |
| Glucocorticoids | 48 (81.4%) | 12 (66.7%) | 36 (87.8%) | 0.074 |
| Antibiotics | 58 (98.3%) | 17 (94.4%) | 41 (100.0%) | 0.305 |
| Xuebijing | 8 (13.6%) | 4 (22.2%) | 4 (9.8%) | 0.232 |
| Immunoglobulin | 22 (37.3%) | 7 (38.9%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.866 |
| IFN α-2b | 15 (25.4%) | 11 (61.1%) | 4 (9.76%) | 0.000 |
| Convalescent plasma | 1 (1.7%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.305 |
Note: Data were presented by mean±SD or n (%).
Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI, acute kidney injury; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IFN, interferon.