Table 3.
Vital Signs and Laboratory Parameters of the Patients
| Variable | Normal Range | Total (n=59) |
Survivors (n=18) |
Non-Survivors (n=41) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC count, ×109/L | 3.5–9.5 | 10.0±5.6 | 8.2±5.9 | 10.8±5.3 | 0.097 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L | 1.8–6.3 | 8.9±5.6 | 6.9±6.0 | 9.8±5.3 | 0.068 |
| Monocytes count, ×109/L | 0.1–0.6 | 0.4±0.23 | 0.4±0.22 | 0.4±0.24 | 0.567 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L | 1.1–3.2 | 0.6±0.28 | 0.8±0.38 | 0.5±0.19 | 0.027 |
| Eosinophil count, ×109/L | 0.02–0.52 | 0.03±0.08 | 0.07±0.12 | 0.01±0.04 | 0.078 |
| RBC count, ×1012/L | 4.3–5.8 | 4.0±0.7 | 3.9±0.8 | 4.1±0.7 | 0.186 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 130–175 | 125.4±26.0 | 117.2±33.0 | 129.0±21.8 | 0.180 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L | 125–350 | 160.0±78.0 | 192.2±85.5 | 145.8±71.1 | 0.034 |
| PT, second | 11.5–14.5 | 16.3±3.7 | 15.3±1.5 | 16.7±4.3 | 0.068 |
| APTT, second | 29–42 | 40.8±10.9 | 40.0±10.6 | 41.2±11.2 | 0.696 |
| D-dimer, μg/mL | <0.5 | 10.1±9.5 | 6.1±8.0 | 12.0±9.7 | 0.028 |
| FDP, μg/mL | <5 | 64.6±63.9 | 36.5±56.0 | 76.8±63.9 | 0.029 |
| Antithrombin, % | 80–120 | 82.7±20.2 | 88.9±17.9 | 80.0±20.8 | 0.130 |
| ALT, U/L | ≤ 41 | 43.6±86.7 | 33.7±20.3 | 47.9±103.3 | 0.401 |
| AST, U/L | ≤ 40 | 73.9±195.6 | 36.4±20.7 | 90.4±233.2 | 0.149 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L | ≤ 21 | 24.0±64.6 | 11.5±5.6 | 29.5±77.1 | 0.145 |
| Albumin, g/L | 35–52 | 30.1±4.9 | 30.3±4.2 | 30.0±5.2 | 0.828 |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 135–225 | 616.3±433.1 | 456.2±3112.0 | 686.6±462.6 | 0.059 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 59–104 | 158.2±206.4 | 162.6±212.2 | 156.2±206.4 | 0.915 |
| Urea nitrogen, mmol/L | 3.6–9.5 | 11.9±9.4 | 9.1±7.8 | 13.2±9.8 | 0.119 |
| Blood glucose, mmol/L | 4.11–6.05 | 9.6±5.1 | 9.2±5.0 | 9.8±5.3 | 0.721 |
| ESR, mm/H | 0–15 | 42.3±32.8 | 45.2±31.6 | 41.2±33.5 | 0.685 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | >2 | 3.2±11.9 | 3.48±13.1 | 3.07±11.4 | 0.903 |
| CRP, mg/L | >10 | 110.9±81.6 | 100.9±84.6 | 115.3±80.9 | 0.537 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 15–150 | 2531.8±5315.2 | 1369.8±1138.2 | 3065.7±6331.4 | 0.123 |
| Lymphocyte subpopulation | |||||
| Total T cell, n/μL | 955–2860 | 451.2±374.0 | 754.0±405.3 | 262.0±198.7 | 0.013 |
| Total B cell, n/μL | 90–560 | 99.2±89.2 | 107.0±59.3 | 94.3±107.4 | 0.814 |
| CD4+ T cell, n/μL | 550–1440 | 324.7±240.3 | 510.8±220.7 | 208.4±175.8 | 0.019 |
| CD8+ T cell, n/μL | 320–1250 | 116.5±136.2 | 224.2±170.7 | 49.1±40.7 | 0.083 |
| NK cell, n/μL | 150–1100 | 61.2±72.0 | 88.2±77.8 | 44.4±67.7 | 0.306 |
| Th/Ts | 0.71–2.78 | 4.01±2.26 | 2.69±1.14 | 4.83±2.45 | 0.098 |
| Cytokines | |||||
| Interleukin 1β, pg/mL | <5 | 5.94±7.58 | 6.6±10.5 | 5.7±5.9 | 0.747 |
| Interleukin 2-R, U/mL | 223–710 | 1475.3±989.0 | 1528.9±1233.0 | 1450.0±869.6 | 0.789 |
| Interleukin 6, pg/mL | <7 | 103.9±136.9 | 73.2±77.2 | 118.5±156.3 | 0.165 |
| Interleukin 8, pg/mL | <62 | 64.1±86.8 | 33.6±36.5 | 78.5±99.6 | 0.021 |
| Interleukin 10, pg/mL | <9.1 | 13.8±14.9 | 13.4±15.2 | 13.9±14.9 | 0.898 |
| TNF-α, pg/mL | <8.1 | 13.9±10.0 | 14.2±10.2 | 13.7±10.0 | 0.863 |
| Respiratory tract profile, IgM (±) | 11 (+) | 3 (+) | 8 (+) | 1.000 | |
| Influenza A | 9 (+) | 2 (+) | 7 (+) | ||
| Influenza B | (-) | (-) | (-) | ||
| RSV | (-) | (-) | (-) | ||
| Adenovirus | 1 (+) | 0 (+) | 1 (+) | ||
| Parainfluenza virus | (-) | (-) | (-) | ||
| Legionella pneumophila | (-) | (-) | (-) | ||
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 1 (+) | 1 (+) | 0 (+) | ||
| Chlamydia pneumoniae | (-) | (-) | (-) | ||
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 101.2±15.4 | 102.8±84.6 | 100.5±16.1 | 0.605 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg |
137.3±22.4 | 140.5±19.8 | 135.9±23.5 | 0.470 | |
| APACHE IIs on day 1 | 15.3±6.4 | 10.6±4.5 | 17.4±6.0 | 0.000 | |
| APACHE IIs>15 | 27 (45.8%) | 3 (16.8%) | 24 (58.5%) | 0.003 | |
| SOFA score on day 1 | 7.2±8.5 | 3.4±3.3 | 8.9±9.5 | 0.002 | |
| SOFA score>4 | 36 (61.0%) | 5 (27.8%) | 31 (75.6%) | 0.001 | |
| Ratio of PaO2 to FiO2, mm Hg |
163.1±142.7 | 261.4±194.2 | 120.3±85.9 | 0.010 |
Note: Data were presented by mean±SD or n (%).
Abbreviations: WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; FDP, fibrinogen degradation product; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ESR, erythrocyto sedimentation rate; CRP, C-reactive protein; NK cell, natural killer cell; Th/Ts, helper T/suppresser T; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.