Table 4.

Risk Factors for Death of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia

Variable	P-value	Crude HR	95% CI	P-value	Adjusted HR	95% CI
Age >70 years	0.0019	2.757	1.453–5.231	0.0299	3.323	1.124–9.823
Fatigue	0.0019	2.727	1.447–5.137	0.5184	1.376	0.522–3.630
Diarrhea	0.3430	1.346	0.728–2.489
Smoking history	0.2368	1.568	0.744–3.306
Lymphocyte count, ×109/L	0.0265	0.160	0.032–0.808	0.5534	0.436	0.028–6.780
Platelet count, ×109/L	0.0488	0.995	0.991–1.000	0.4098	0.997	0.991–1.004
D-dimer, μg/mL	0.0759	1.030	0.997–1.065
FDP, μg/mL	0.0523	1.005	1.000–1.01
Total T cell, n/μL	0.0985	0.997	0.993–1.001
CD4+ T cell, n/μL	0.1459	0.996	0.991–1.001
Interleukin 8, pg/mL	0.0001	1.007	1.004–1.011	0.1261	1.005	0.999–1.012
Non-invasive MV	0.0455	2.429	1.018–5.798	0.9071	0.913	0.197–4.236
Invasive MV	0.0006	4.230	1.856–9.638	0.1991	0.355	0.073–1.725
Vasoconstrictive agents	0.0002	5.966	2.317–15.366	0.3686	2.209	0.392–12.434
IFN α-2b	0.0019	0.194	0.069–0.546	0.0850	0.263	0.058–1.202
ARDS	0.0932	2.017	0.889–4.576
AKI	0.0001	3.512	1.839–6.708	0.2385	1.883	0.657–5.394
Cardiac injury	0.0012	3.498	1.640–7.462	0.9237	0.943	0.286–3.107
Arrhythmia	0.0002	3.452	1.790–6.655	0.0053	4.760	1.590–14.252
Liver dysfunction	0.1284	1.693	0.859–3.336
APACHE IIs>15	0.0013	2.859	1.508–5.419	0.1731	0.493	0.178–1.364
SOFA score>4	0.0007	3.533	1.704–7.324	0.0201	5.156	1.294–20.548
Ratio of PaO2 to FiO2	0.0279	0.997	0.993–1.000	0.5094	0.998	0.992–1.004

Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; FDP, fibrinogen degradation product; MV, mechanical ventilation; IFN, interferon; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; AKI, acute kidney injury; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.