Figure 1. Effects of treatment with L-Grb2 on ovarian tumor growth.

(A, B), Mean tumor weights (A) and numbers of metastatic nodules (B) in mice intraperitoneally inoculated with OVCAR5 cells that received an empty DOPC liposome (control), paclitaxel only (3 mg/kg) weekly, L-Grb2 (15 mg/kg) twice weekly, or a combination of L-Grb2 and paclitaxel beginning 10 days after inoculation (n = 9 mice per group). (C and D), Tumors collected from the mice at the conclusion of in vivo therapeutic experiments and tumors were examined using immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the effects of treatment with L-Grb2, paclitaxel, or both in comparison with those of the control treatment on (C) cell proliferation (Ki67 staining) and (D) apoptosis (CC3 staining). Representative images of mice from the four groups taken at 20× magnification are shown at the upper right. The mean numbers of Ki67+ and CC3 + cells per group are shown in the adjoining graphs. Five tumors per group were stained, and five representative images per sample were quantified and used for analysis. Error bars, SEM. All statistical tests were two-sided. Asterisk indicates statistical significance of ^*** p < 0.001, ^** p < 0.01, ^* p < 0.05. NS indicates non-significant.