TABLE 5.

Rat transgenic LRRK2 models.

	Author(s), year(s)	Model (species, gene, mutation, tag)	Background (strain)	Type of expression system	DA neuronal loss	Locomotor/behavioral changes
Transgenic overexpression cDNA rat models
1	Zhou et al., 2009, 2011	Human LRRK2 WT – HA.	Sprague-Dawley.	Tet-inducible OE of human LRRK2 WT with a ubiquitous promoter (TRE-miniCMV).	Not assessed.	Not assessed.
2	Zhou et al., 2011	Human LRRK2 G2019S – HA.	Sprague-Dawley.	Tet-inducible OE of human LRRK2 G2019S with a ubiquitous promoter (TRE-miniCMV).	No loss in SNpc and LC at 18 months (compared to “tet-only” instead of non-transgenic).	Increased total distance (open field) at 18 months using temporary expression model (given doxycycline until 5 months).
Transgenic overexpression BAC rat models
1	Sloan et al., 2016	Human LRRK2 WT – YPet.	Sprague-Dawley.	OE of human LRRK2 WT with BAC.	Not assessed.	No changes in rotarod, T-maze, or grip strength test.
2	Sloan et al., 2016	Human LRRK2 G2019S – YPet.	Sprague-Dawley.	OE of human LRRK2 G2019S with BAC.	No loss in SN at 18–21 months.	Decreased latency to fall at 3–6 and 18–21 months. Decreased alternations in T-maze at 18–21 months.
3	Sloan et al., 2016	Human LRRK2 R1441C – Ypet.	Sprague-Dawley.	OE of human LRRK2 R1441C with BAC.	No loss in SN at 18–21 months.	Decreased latency to fall, decreased alternations (T-maze) and increased gait disturbances at 18–21 months.
4	(Shaikh et al., 2015) (Taconic – Dr. Chenjian Li)	Human LRRK2 R1441G.	Sprague-Dawley.	OE of human LRRK2 R1441G under BAC.	No loss in SN or striatum up to 9 months.	No changes in forelimb placing test, adjusting steps test, footprint analysis, open field test, acoustic startle response and Morris water maze.
5	(Walker et al., 2014; West et al., 2014; Daher et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2015; Volpicelli-Daley et al., 2016) (Taconic – Dr. Chenjian Li)	Human LRRK2 G2019S.	Sprague-Dawley.	OE of human LRRK2 G2019S under BAC (MJ Farrer Lab).	No changes (Daher).	Decreased latency to fall on rotarod at 6 months. No difference in cylinder and beam walking test (Walker). Postural instability at 8 months but was recovered at 12 months. Rearings increased at 12 months (Lee).