TABLE 8.
Drosophila transgenic LRRK2 models.
| Author(s), year(s) | Model (species, gene, mutation, tag) | DA neuronal loss | Locomotor/behavioral changes | |
| Transgenic overexpression Drosophila models | ||||
| 1 | Lin et al., 2010 | Human LRRK2 WT – FLAG. | Not assessed. | Not assessed. |
| 2 | Lin et al., 2010 | Human LRRK2 G2019S – FLAG. | Loss at 4 weeks in dorsolateral and dorsomedial groups with ddC (dopa decarboxylase) promoter (dopamine and serotonin neuron specific). | Locomotor deficits (climbing index) at 3 weeks and decreased viability at 4 weeks. |
| 3 | Lin et al., 2010; Hindle et al., 2013 | Human LRRK2 G2385R – FLAG. | Not assessed. | Not assessed. |
| 4 | Lin et al., 2010; Hindle et al., 2013; Godena et al., 2014 | Human LRRK2 R1441C – FLAG | Not assessed. | Not assessed. |
| 5 | Lin et al., 2010; Hindle et al., 2013 | Human LRRK2 G2019S-K1906M- FLAG. | Not assessed. | Not assessed. |
| 6 | Venderova et al., 2009 | Human LRRK2 WT. | Loss at 50 days with TH promoter (catecholaminergic cell specific) in PPL1 and PPM1/2 neuronal clusters. | Decreased locomotion starting at 10 days (time required to recover from tapping). |
| 7 | Venderova et al., 2009; Hindle et al., 2013 | Human LRRK2 I1122V. | Loss at 50 days with TH promoter in PPL1 and PPM1/2 neuronal clusters. | Decreased locomotion starting at 10 days (time required to recover from tapping). |
| 8 | Venderova et al., 2009 | Human LRRK2 Y1699C. | Loss at 50 days with TH promoter in PPL1 and PPM1/2 neuronal clusters. | Decreased locomotion starting at 10 days (time required to recover from tapping). |
| 9 | Venderova et al., 2009; Hindle et al., 2013 | Human LRRK2 I2020T. | Loss at 50 days with TH promoter in PPL1 and PPM1/2 neuronal clusters (most dramatic compared to others). | Decreased locomotion starting at 10 days (time required to recover from tapping). |
| 10 | Ng et al., 2009 | Human LRRK2 WT – Myc | No loss. | No climbing deficits. |
| 11 | Ng et al., 2009 | Human LRRK2 G2019S – Myc. | Loss at 60 days old under ddC promoter. | Climbing is impaired at 60 days with ddC promoter. |
| 12 | Ng et al., 2009 | Human LRRK2 Y1699C – Myc. | Loss at 60 days old under ddC promoter. | Climbing is impaired at 60 days with ddC promoter. |
| 13 | Ng et al., 2009 | Human LRRK2 G2385R – Myc. | Loss at 60 days old under ddC promoter. | No climbing deficits. |
| 14 | Liu et al., 2008; Hindle et al., 2013; Godena et al., 2014 | Human LRRK2 WT – FLAG. | Loss at 35 days using ddc but 49 days with elav promoter (pan-neuronal) (Liu). | Climbing impaired at 4 weeks with ddC promoter and 6 weeks with elav. |
| 15 | Liu et al., 2008; Hindle et al., 2013; Godena et al., 2014 | Human LRRK2 G2019S – FLAG. | Loss at 35 days using ddC promoter and 35 days with elav promoter (Liu). | Climbing impaired at 4 weeks with ddC promoter and 6 weeks with elav (more severe than human LRRK2 WT OE model) (Liu). |
| 16 | Imai et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2010; Hindle et al., 2013 | dLRRK WT. | No loss in PPM1/2, PPL1, and PPM3 (Imai) | Not assessed |
| 17 | Imai et al., 2008; Hindle et al., 2013; Godena et al., 2014 | dLRRK Y1383C (corresponding to human Y1699C). | Loss at 60 days old using ddC and elav promoter in PPM1/2 and PPL1 (Imai). | Decreased fertility in females (Imai). |
| 18 | Imai et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2010; Hindle et al., 2013 | dLRRK I1915T (corresponding to human I2020T). | Loss at 60 days old using ddC and elav4 promoter in PPM1/2 and PPL1 (Imai). | Decreased fertility in females and climbing deficits in 45-day old flies (Imai). |
| 19 | Imai et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2010; Hindle et al., 2013 | dLRRK 3KD (K1781, D1882A, and D1912A) “Triple Kinase Dead”. | No loss in PPM1/2, PPL1, and PPM3 (Imai). | No climbing deficits (Imai). |
| 20 | Lee et al., 2007 | dLRRK WT – FLAG. | No loss. | No deficits. |
| 21 | Lee et al., 2007; Godena et al., 2014 | dLRRK R1069C (corresponding to R1441C). | No loss (Lee). | No deficits. |