Table 5.

RCT of Kampo medicine for pain.

References	Study design	Subjects (n)	Age, years (mean ± SD)	Disease/symptom	Kampo formulation	Comparator	Outcome	Adverse reaction
Nakae et al. (101)	RCT	162	60(16–90) 66(23–90)	Rib fracture	JDI	NSAIDs	Shorten the duration, Lower healthcare expenditure	No adverse reaction in JDI, gastrointestinal symptoms in 2.5% of the NSAIDs group
Majima et al. (104)	RCT	47	68.3 ± 10.0 71.5 ± 6.0	Osterarthritis of knee	BOT	Loxoprofen	Improve the Knee Society Rating System and SF-36	Dry month in a patient
Watanabe et al. (114)	RCT	116	59.4 ± 7.8 60.9 ± 7.4	Diabetes mellitus type 2	GJG	No GJG	Decrease progression neuropathy	None

JDI, jidabokuippo; BOT, boiogito; GJG, goshajinkigan; NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; SD, standard deviaton.