Table II.
Average Child Macronutrient Consumption and Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels for Each Meal Type
| Amount consumed |
% calories consumed |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | Range | M (SD) | Range | |
| Carbohydrate intake | ||||
| Breakfast | 47.32 g (28.67) | 3.46–152.34 g | 62.08 (17.02) | 8.13–84.92 |
| Lunch | 51.98 g (28.06) | 2.20–171.76 g | 48.76 (14.05) | 3.99–86.46 |
| Snacks | 20.70 g (17.61) | 0.00–98.18 g | 56.50 (28.28) | 0.00–100.00 |
| Dinner | 51.40 g (31.62) | 2.82–179.60 g | 43.69 (13.75) | 9.13–74.60 |
| Protein Intake | ||||
| Breakfast | 10.09 g (7.05) | 0.79–48.00 g | 12.80 (4.85) | 3.20–27.91 |
| Lunch | 17.15 g (12.31) | 1.07–90.25 g | 15.74 (6.59) | 5.59–38.07 |
| Snacks | 3.93 g (4.76) | 0.00–26.06 g | 14.29 (21.73) | 0.00–100.00 |
| Dinner | 21.86 g (24.35) | 0.39–243.97 g | 19.26 (8.74) | 5.27–46.72 |
| Fat intake | ||||
| Breakfast | 9.72 g (9.45) | 0.19–48.14 g | 25.01 (14.60) | 1.68–63.83 |
| Lunch | 17.72 g (10.36) | 0.46–54.81 g | 35.48 (12.67) | 4.71–72.66 |
| Snacks | 5.66 g (6.83) | 0.00–42.24 g | 27.43 (21.06) | 0.00–76.87 |
| Dinner | 18.88 g (11.16) | 0.26–51.47 g | 37.00 (12.10) | 9.56–67.22 |
| Postprandial BG level | ||||
| Breakfast | 251.64 mg/dl (82.25) | 94–400 mg/dl | ||
| Lunch | 211.27 mg/dl (88.66) | 76–400 mg/dl | ||
| Snacks | 203.33 mg/dl (85.56) | 53–400 mg/dl | ||
| Dinner | 204.55 mg/dl (77.29) | 63–385 mg/dl | ||
Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; BG, blood glucose. Current International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes recommendations suggest that carbohydrates make up 45–50% of the total calories consumed, proteins make up 15–20% of total calories consumed, and fats make up <35% of energy with saturated fats making up <10% (Smart et al., 2018).