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. 2020 Jul 14;11:1468. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01468

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Copyright © 2020 Nagy, Busalt, Halasy, Kohn, Schmieder, Fejszak, Kaspers and Härtle.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Blocking of CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling in bursa mesenchyme leads to abnormal B cell colonization. E9 bursa of Fabricius were injected with AMD3100 or vehicle (no additive) ex vivo and then placed onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of an E9 host GFP-chick embryo. (A) Comparison of bursal size of no additive and AMD3100 (amd) injected bursa of Fabricius 9 days after incubation on CAM. (B) Disruption of CXCR4 signaling with AMD3100 treatment resulted in reduction of size and follicle formation in the bursa. (C,E) Only few GPP+/chB6+/CXCR4+ B cell precursors colonized the bursa primordium cultured on CAM of age-matched GFP (green fluorescent)-chicken. (D,F) By contrast, non-treated bursa of Fabricius show a well-developed lymphoid follicular structure. (G,H) Grl1+ granulocytes scattered between follicles are present in all treatment groups. (I,J) CSF1R+ dendritic cell precursors colonized the surface epithelium and induced follicle bud formation.