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. 2020 Jul 14;11:1553. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01553

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Copyright © 2020 Kappler, Lasanajak, Smith, Opitz and Hennet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Increased serum IgM and IgG reactivity to oligosaccharides in CD patients. (A) Heatmap of the IgG reactivity to oligosaccharide structures for blood serum from healthy controls (n = 20), UC (n = 17) and CD (n = 23) patients, based on the fluorescence intensities (RFU) measured by glycan array analysis. Shown are oligosaccharides or groups of oligosaccharides with high IgG reactivities in the CD patients group (group 1, group 2) or in all groups (group 3 and two single structures, marked with # and ##). The composition of oligosaccharides is indicated by the number of different monosaccharides (hexose, H; HexNAc, N; fucose, F; sialic acid, S). (B) IgG and IgM reactivities shown as median log (RFU) of all 220 oligosaccharides tested on the glycan array. *p-value ≥ 0.05, determined using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test with selected pairs for ctrl vs UC and ctrl vs CD.