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. 2020 Jul 14;11:1553. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01553

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Copyright © 2020 Kappler, Lasanajak, Smith, Opitz and Hennet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Bacteroides recognition by serum IgG and by the fucose-binding lectin AAL. (A) AAL-bound bacteria from a healthy human microbiota culture (red) compared with unstained bacteria from the same microbiota sample (black). (B) All OTUs identified as Bacteroides by 16S sequencing of AAL-bound bacteria as percentage of total bacteria. (C) Real-time PCR using specific primers for Bacteroides, shown as median ± standard deviation for AAL-bound (AAL+) (n = 3) and unsorted bacteria (uns. bac.) (n = 3) and for IgG-bound (IgG+) (n = 36) and corresponding unsorted bacteria (uns. bac.) (n = 4). (D) Real-time PCR using specific primers for B. stercoris, shown as median ± standard deviation for AAL-bound (AAL+) (n = 3) and unsorted bacteria (uns. bac.) (n = 3) and for IgG-bound (IgG+) (n = 36) and corresponding unsorted bacteria (uns. bac.) (n = 4). *p-value ≥ 0.05, determined by student’s t-test.