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. 2020 Jul 14;11:1474. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01474

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Copyright © 2020 Wasén, Ospelt, Camponeschi, Erlandsson, Andersson, Silfverswärd, Gay and Bokarewa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The ratio between FOXO pathway messenger RNA (mRNA) and micro RNA (miR) predicted the response to nicotine. CD8⁺ cells were enriched from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The cells were stimulated with αCD3 antibodies for 48 h and analyzed for their expression of miRs targeting mRNAs of the FOXO signaling pathway. (A) Heatmap showing the relative quantity (RQ) of the mRNA and miR in each sample. The samples (columns) were ordered by the mRNA/miR expression ratio. Three groups were defined using a higher cutoff of 1.5 and a lower cutoff of 1/1.5. (B,C) The relative quantity of mRNAs (B) and miRs (C) in cells stimulated with αCD3 and 10 μM nicotine, compared to αCD3 stimulated cells. (D) The mRNA/miR ratio after nicotine stimulation in relation to controls. *p < 0.05. S, smoker; NS, non-smoker. An X indicates missing data.