TABLE 3.

Mechanisms contributing to the genesis of Mayer Waves.

Proposed Mechanism of Mayer Wave Genesis	Mechanistic Details
Supraspinal sympathetic microcircuit oscillators	Autochthonous supraspinal sympathetic-related interneuronal generation of Mayer waves
Spinal thoracolumbar intermediolateral cell column interneuronal spinal sympathetic oscillators	Autochthonous spinal sympathetic-related neuronal generation of Mayer waves
Baroreceptor time delay and resonant frequency	Baroreflex input-output-conduction time delay → generated by conduction delay across interneuronal central processing and afferent and efferent arms of the baroreflex arc → generated by vascular neuroeffector junction delay Baroreflex time delay generates resonance frequency → phase angle at which transfer function falls to zero → congruous with Mayer-wave central tendency in any given species
Arteriogenic oscillations	Correspond with vasogenic autorhythmicity Correspond with very-low-frequency oscillations Mechaotransduced through neural interstitium Conveyed to supraspinal and spinal sympathetic-related interneuronal microcircuit oscillators Conveyed to supraspinal and spinal sympathetic-unrelated interneuronal microcircuit oscillators Retro-arterially propagate by generating oscillations of dynamic arterial pressure magnitude, peripheral resistance, and blood flow

Oscillatory perturbations generated by diffusely distributed supraspinal and spinal oscillators generate rhythmic Mayer wave variability. Arteriolar oscillations propagate through intra-neuraxial supraspinal and spinal interneuronal microcircuit oscillators via baroreflex mechanisms or neural interstitial mechanotransduction. The variabilities express the analogous base rhythm or generate an integer pseudo-harmonics thereof, entraining oscillatory central tendency and contributing to generating power within, and synchronization by, the spectral band. Baroreflex mechanisms transduce oscillatory fluctuations of dynamic arterial pressure magnitude centrally to the sympathetic oscillators via barosensitive nucleus tractus solitarius neurons.