TABLE 4.

Arteriogenic oscillations and neuronal vascular interactions may contribute to the genesis of Mayer Waves.

Neuronal-vascular interaction-mediated genesis of Mayer waves	Detailed pathway
Intra-neuraxial rhombomyelic microvascular arteriogenic neuronal oscillations	→ Intra-neuraxial (rhombomyelic) radial and longitudinal microvascular oscillations → Generate sympathetic propriobulbar interneuronal oscillations → Generate presympathetic bulbospinal neuronal oscillations → Generate preganglionic sympathetic neuronal oscillations → Generate postganglionic sympathetic neuronal oscillations → Generate oscillations of neurotransmitter release from postganglionic sympathetic neuronal endplate upon vascular smooth muscle cells → Modulate autochthonous arteriolar oscillations
Arteriogenic baroreceptor oscillations	→ Carotid sinus and/or aortic arch vasa vasorum oscillations → Generate oscillations of baroreceptor cell firing → Generate nucleus tractus solitarius neuronal firing oscillations → Generate caudal ventrolateral medullary interneuronal firing oscillations → Generate rostral ventrolateral medullary presympathetic neuronal firing oscillations → Generate preganglionic sympathetic neuronal firing oscillations → Generate postganglionic sympathetic neuronal firing oscillations → Generate oscillations of neurotransmitter release from postganglionic sympathetic neuronal endplate upon vascular smooth muscle cells → Modulate autochthonous arteriolar oscillations
Retro-arterially propagated arteriogenic oscillations	→ Retro-arterial propagation of oscillations of arteriolar diameter → Generate oscillations of arterial resistance → Generate oscillations of arterial pressure → Generate oscillations of blood flow → Generate oscillations of baroreceptor cell discharge → Generate nucleus tractus solitarius neuronal firing oscillations → Generate caudal ventrolateral medullary neuronal firing oscillations → Generate rostral ventrolateral medullary presympathetic neuronal firing oscillations → Generate preganglionic sympathetic neuronal oscillations → Generate postganglionic sympathetic neuronal oscillations → Generate oscillations of neurotransmitter release from postganglionic sympathetic neuronal endplate upon vascular smooth muscle cells → Modulate autochthonous arteriolar oscillations

We propose that arteriogenic oscillations may emergently generate oscillations manifest in neuronal, neural, and hemodynamic spectra through several mechanisms. Arteriogenic oscillations may propagate through the neural interstitium to supraspinal and spinal interneuronal microcircuit oscillators and through vasa vasorum to carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors. Arteriogenic oscillations may retro-arterially propagate to generate oscillations of arteriolar and arterial resistance, arterial pressure, and blood flow. Hysteresis between disparately distributed, though inter-neuronally synchronizable, oscillations may generate conduction delays within intra-neuraxial circuits and between centrogenic oscillators and baroreflex elements, modulating Mayer wave amplitude and/or frequency.