TABLE 1.
Demographic characteristics, descriptive statistics on raw data (means and standard deviation [in parentheses]), as well as results of independent t-tests (on the normalized data) used to examine differences in motor and cognitive functioning between preschool children and young adults.
| Children (n = 41) | Adults (n = 40) | P | T | Cohen’s d | |
| Males, n (%) | 18 (43.9) | 25 (62.5) | – | – | – |
| Age, years | 5.99 (0.32) | 22.10 (3.54) | <0.001 | 840.34 | – |
| Weight, kg | 21.62 (3.12) | 72.35 (11.62) | <0.001 | 728.39 | – |
| Height, cm | 118.33 (5.69) | 178.43 (8.70) | <0.001 | 1360.30 | – |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 15.43 (1.92) | 22.61 (2.41) | <0.001 | 220.46 | – |
| Motor | |||||
| Strength (BOTstrength), standardized factor score | −0.89(0.35) | 0.92 (0.48) | <0.001 | 12.028 | 2.673 |
| Speed (BOTspeed), standardized factor score | −0.90(0.44) | 0.92 (0.38) | <0.001 | 12.025 | 2.672 |
| Manual dexterity (PPgross), number of pins | 25.99 (4.10) | 44.24 (5.33) | <0.001 | –12.047 | –2.677 |
| Balance (SEBT), cm | 66.8 (14.66) | 84.2 (5.32) | <0.001 | 12.038 | 2.675 |
| Cognitive | |||||
| Working memory (LS), points | 7.27 (2.50) | 17.88 (2.21) | <0.001 | 12.233 | 2.719 |
| Processing speed (SRT), reaction time in ms | 633.74 (184.99) | 252.87 (29.61) | <0.001 | –12.022 | –2.672 |
| Response inhibition (HFRT–diff), reaction time in ms | 107.14 (172.99) | 30.45 (40.02) | 0.962 | –1.802 | –0.398 |
| Selective attention (FFacc), accuracy in% | 60.4 (21.6) | 90.9 (4.5) | <0.001 | 10.326 | 2.287 |
| Cognitive flexibility (WCSTpercentcorrect), accuracy in% | 55.32 (21.51) | 80.52 (6.36) | <0.001 | 5.398 | 1.199 |