Table 1.

Plant-based compounds reported to possess antiviral activity.

Plant	Compound	Target	Mode of action	Reference
Allium sativum	Allyl disulfide	S protein	ACE2 receptor inhibitor	[87].
Anethum graveolens	Quercetin	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[37]
Artemisia annua	Aurantiamide acetate	Inhibition of CoV protease	Virus replication	[63]
Broussonetia papyrifera	3′-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3′,4,7-trihydroxyflavane	Inhibition of CoV protease	Virus replication	[66]
Camellia sinensis	3-Isotheaflavin-3-gallate	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[12]
	Theaflavin	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase	Virus replication	[54]
Cinnamomi sp.	Procyanidin A2	–	Inhibition of virus entry	[108]
Curcuma longa	Demethoxycurcumine	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[37]
Dioscoreae Rhizoma	–	–	Inhibition of virus growth	[99]
Galla chinensis	Tetra-O-galloylβ-d-glucose	S protein	ACE2 receptor inhibitor	[102]
	Luteolin	Spike protein	Virus entry
Griffithsia sp.	Griffithsin	Spike protein	Inhibition of virus entry	[59]
Isatis indigotica	Aloe emodin	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[49]
Linum usitatissimum	Herbacetin	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[36]
Lycoris radiata	Lycorine	–	Inhibited cell divison	-[79]
Malus domestica	Apigenin	main protease (Mpro)	Inhibited virus replication	[76]
Olea europaea L Averrhoa belimbi Capsicum annum Allium fistulosum	Luteolin-7-glucoside	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[37]
Rheum officinale	Emodin	Inhibited binding of S protein to ACE2	Virus entry	[88]
Salvia miltiorrhiza	Tanshinone IIA/B	Inhibition of CoV protease	Virus replication	[65]
Salvia officinalis	Safficinolide	main protease (Mpro)	Inhibited virus replication	[76]
Stephania tetrandra	Tetrandrine	S and N protein	Virus replication	[40]
Torreya nucifera	Amentoflavone, Apigenin	main protease (Mpro)	Virus replication	[109]
Tripterygium regelii	Celastrol	Inhibition of CoV protease	Virus replication	[74]
Urtica dioica	agglutinin	Spike protein	Inhibition of virus entry	[45]

‘-‘No information available.