Table 3.
The epiphyllous communities in Mt Silam, a lower montane rainforest at 600–740 m elevation.
Leaf surface area in cm2 | 33 | 100 | 50 | 63 | 100 | 62 | 42 | 94 | 68 | 25 | 25 | 65 | 100 | 57 | 48 | 26 | 25 | 72 | 130 | 65 | 110 | 52 | 85 | 19 | 21 | |
Cover of epiphylls in % of leaf surface | 60 | 85 | 35 | 65 | 18 | 16 | 30 | 28 | 30 | 15 | 18 | 38 | 28 | 80 | 35 | 40 | 18 | 8 | 30 | 48 | 12 | 30 | 65 | 45 | 2 | |
Species number of each leaf | 2 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 3 | 11 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 3 | |
Drepanolejeunea tricornua Herzog | ● | + | + | ● | ● | . | ● | ● | ● | . | . | ● | ● | + | ● | ● | . | + | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | . | |
Drepanolejeunea pentadactyla (Mont.) Steph. | . | . | + | . | + | . | + | + | . | . | . | + | + | ● | + | + | . | . | ● | . | + | . | . | . | . | |
Leptolejeunea aff. balansae Steph. | . | . | + | + | + | ● | + | . | + | . | . | . | + | . | + | . | . | + | + | . | + | . | . | + | + | |
Cheilolejeunea trapezia (Nees) R.M.Schust. & Kachroo | . | + | + | + | + | + | + | . | . | . | . | + | ● | . | . | . | . | . | + | + | + | + | + | . | . | |
Leptolejeunea amphiophthalma Zwickel | . | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | + | . | . | + | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | |
Colura corynophora (Nees et al.) Trevis | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | |
Cololejeunea mutabilis Benedix | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | + | . | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | + | + | + | . | . | |
Colura conica (Sande Lac.) K.I.Goebel | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | . | |
Colura sp. | . | + | + | + | + | . | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Drepanolejeunea dactylophora (Nees et al.) Schiffn. | + | ● | ● | + | . | . | . | . | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cololejeunea equialbi Tixier | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | + | . | + | . | . | |
Cololejeunea metzgeriopsis (K.I.Goebel) Gradst. et al. | . | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | |
Metalejeunea cucullata (Reinw. et al.) Grolle | . | . | . | . | + | + | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Colura superba (Mont.) Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cololejeunea stylosa (Steph.) Mizut. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | |
Colura cristata Ast | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ● | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Microlejeunea lunulatiloba Horik. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Microlejeunea punctiformis (Taylor) Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | + | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Tuyamaella serratistipa S.Hatt. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea parvidens B.M.Thiers | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | |
Lejeunea papilionacea Prantl. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea ventricosa (Schiffn.) Xiao L.He | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cololejeunea papillosa (K.I.Goebel) Mizut. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | + | |
Colura maxima Ast | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Frullania apiculata (Reinw. et al.) Dumort. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Lejeunea exilis (Reinw. et al.) Grolle | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Lejeunea micholitzii Grolle | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Leptolejeunea aff. punctata Herzog | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Acromastigum bancanum (Sande Lac.) A.Evans | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | ● | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea ceylanica (Gottsche) R.M.Schust. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea intertexta (Lindenb.) Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea meyeniana (Nees et al.) R.M.Schust. & Kachroo | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea occlusa (Herzog) T.Kodama & N.Kitag. | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea trifaria (Reinw. et al.) Mizut. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cheilolejeunea sp. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cololejeunea haskarliana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Cololejrunea obliqua (Nees & Mont.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Colura acroloba (Steph.) Ast | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | |
Colura aff. mosenii Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Diplasiolejeunea cavifolia Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | |
Diplasiolejeunea sp. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Drepanolejeunea longicornua (Herzog) Mizut. | . | . | ● | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Drepanolejeunea serricalyx Herzog | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Drepanolejeunea ternatensis (Gottsche) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Lejeunea cf. tuberculosa Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Lepidolejeunea bidentula (Steph.) R.M.Schust. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | |
Leaf surface area in cm2 | 90 | 52 | 150 | 150 | 55 | 160 | 106 | 120 | 136 | 130 | 45 | 65 | 42 | 110 | 8 | 41 | 16 | 36 | 19 | 155 | 72 | 20 | 15 | 120 | 120 | 50 |
Cover of epiphylls in % of leaf surface | 25 | 55 | 5 | 5 | 55 | 20 | 15 | 8 | 10 | 45 | 50 | 35 | 70 | 6 | 12 | 40 | 60 | 18 | 15 | 5 | 20 | 40 | 30 | 15 | 5 | |
Species number of each leaf | 4 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 1 | |
Drepanolejeunea tricornua Herzog | ● | + | . | . | ● | ● | ● | . | ● | ● | ● | ● | ● | . | ● | ● | ● | ● | . | . | . | ● | ● | . | + | 37 |
Drepanolejeunea pentadactyla (Mont.) Steph. | + | ● | ● | . | ● | + | ● | + | + | . | . | + | + | . | . | + | + | + | . | . | . | + | + | . | . | 26 |
Leptolejeunea aff. balansae Steph. | . | . | . | ● | + | . | + | + | + | . | . | . | . | ● | . | + | + | + | . | ● | ● | + | . | ● | . | 26 |
Cheilolejeunea trapezia (Nees) R.M.Schust. & Kachroo | + | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | + | + | . | + | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | 21 |
Leptolejeunea amphiophthalma Zwickel | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | 10 |
Colura corynophora (Nees et al.) Trevis | . | + | . | . | . | + | . | ● | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | 9 |
Cololejeunea mutabilis Benedix | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 8 |
Colura conica (Sande Lac.) K.I.Goebel | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | + | + | . | . | . | + | . | 7 |
Colura sp. | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 7 |
Drepanolejeunea dactylophora (Nees et al.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | 7 |
Cololejeunea equialbi Tixier | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 6 |
Cololejeunea metzgeriopsis (K.I.Goebel) Gradst. et al. | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 6 |
Metalejeunea cucullata (Reinw. et al.) Grolle | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | 6 |
Colura superba (Mont.) Steph. | . | . | . | + | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | + | . | 5 |
Cololejeunea stylosa (Steph.) Mizut. | . | . | . | + | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | 4 |
Colura cristata Ast | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 4 |
Microlejeunea lunulatiloba Horik. | . | . | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | 4 |
Microlejeunea punctiformis (Taylor) Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 4 |
Tuyamaella serratistipa S.Hatt. | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | 4 |
Cheilolejeunea parvidens B.M.Thiers | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 3 |
Lejeunea papilionacea Prantl. | . | . | ● | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 3 |
Cheilolejeunea ventricosa (Schiffn.) Xiao L.He | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Cololejeunea papillosa (K.I.Goebel) Mizut. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Colura maxima Ast | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Frullania apiculata (Reinw. et al.) Dumort. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Lejeunea exilis (Reinw. et al.) Grolle | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Lejeunea micholitzii Grolle | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Leptolejeunea aff. punctata Herzog | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | + | . | . | . | . | . | 2 |
Acromastigum bancanum (Sande Lac.) A.Evans | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cheilolejeunea ceylanica (Gottsche) R.M.Schust. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cheilolejeunea intertexta (Lindenb.) Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cheilolejeunea meyeniana (Nees et al.) R.M.Schust. & Kachroo | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cheilolejeunea occlusa (Herzog) T.Kodama & N.Kitag. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cheilolejeunea trifaria (Reinw. et al.) Mizut. | . | . | ● | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cheilolejeunea sp. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cololejeunea haskarliana (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Cololejrunea obliqua (Nees & Mont.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Colura acroloba (Steph.) Ast | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Colura aff. mosenii Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Diplasiolejeunea cavifolia Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Diplasiolejeunea sp. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Drepanolejeunea longicornua (Herzog) Mizut. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Drepanolejeunea serricalyx Herzog | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Drepanolejeunea ternatensis (Gottsche) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Lejeunea cf. tuberculosa Steph. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | + | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Lepidolejeunea bidentula (Steph.) R.M.Schust. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |
Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn. | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 |