FIGURE 2.

Infection intensity in infected females and males across predator cue treatments. Only infected individuals (i.e., those with nonzero infection loads) are shown. Zero‐truncated negative binomial regression (ZTNBR) revealed that females had significantly greater parasite intensities than males (male estimate −1.46 ± 0.429 SE; p < .001; n = 70). Infected females (n = 58 total) that were exposed to predator cues throughout the experiment (n = 19) had significantly higher parasite intensities than the females that were not exposed to the predator cue (0.983 ± 0.423 SE; p = .020), though parasite intensity was not significantly affected by early exposure (p > .5). These qualitative results were all consistent when including uninfected Daphnia (n = 231 total Daphnia, n = 130 females, n = 100 males) and fitting with regular negative binomial regressions rather than ZTNBR