Table 3.

Studies assessing the effects of CO₂ post exposure, specifying test used, delivery methods, concentration or flow rate used, strain and sex, and a summary of results.

Strain	Sex	Test	Delivery method	Concentration/flow rate	Treatment	Results	Reference
SD	M	Vogel	Pf	35:65% (CO2:O2)	CO2	↓ liking (40%a)	51
					Alprazolam (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) + CO2	↑ likinga
SD	M	Pavlovian conditioning	Pf	From 1 to 100% CO2	CO2 + vanilla odor	↑ of freezing episodes with CO2 concentration	55
SD	M	Open field	Gfa	20%	CO2	↑ 15% thigmotaxisa; ↑ fecal boli productiona	64
SD	M	Open field	Gfa	20%	CO2	↑ 15% thigmotaxisa; ↑ fecal boli productiona	34
SD	M	Social interaction	Gfa	20%		↓ 50% social interactionsa	24
SD	M	Open field	Gfa	20%	CO2	↔ thigmotaxis and line crossinga	75
					Lorazepam + CO2
					1 mg/kg i.p.	↓ line crossingb
					0.5 mg/kg i.p.	↔ line crossingb
					0.3 mg/kg i.p.	↔ line crossingb
					0.1 mg/kg i.p.	↔ line crossingb
SD	M	Social interaction	Gfa	20%	CO2	↓ social interactionsa	75
					Lorazepam + CO2
					1 mg/kg i.p.	↓ social interactionsb
					0.5 mg/kg i.p.	↔ social interactionsb
					0.3 mg/kg i.p.	↑ social interactionsb
					0.1 mg/kg i.p.	↑ social interactionsb

Strain: SD Sprague Dawley; delivery method: Pf pre-fill, GF_a 20% CO₂ challenge; concentration or flow rate: static concentration (%) or flow rate (% CO₂ chamber vol. min⁻¹); sex: M male, F female; results: ↑ increase, ↓ decrease, ↔ no change in behavior or absent; i.p. intraperitoneal.

^aCompared to control rats exposed to air.

^bCompared to rats treated with vehicle.