Table 2.
Baseline characteristics by NAFLD status among patients with imaging.
| Variable | Overall (n = 96) | NAFLD (n = 48) | No NAFLD (n = 48) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age | 69 (58–76) | 70 (58–76) | 69 (60–76) | 0.90 |
| Female sex | 39 (41%) | 31 (65%) | 27 (56%) | 0.40 |
| Weight (kg) | 99.2 (80.6–114) | 108 (89.9–120) | 89.7 (72.8–108) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 35.1 (27.8–41.4) | 38.1 (33.3–45.2) | 30.2 (26.4–37.7) | < 0.001 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Hypertension | 78 (81%) | 40 (83%) | 37 (77%) | 0.44 |
| Coronary artery disease | 39 (41%) | 20 (42%) | 20 (42%) | 1.00 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 49 (51%) | 30 (62%) | 19 (40%) | 0.02 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 66 (69%) | 41 (85%) | 25 (52%) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 44 (46%) | 24 (50%) | 20 (42%) | 0.41 |
| Dyslipidemia | 66 (69%) | 35 (73%) | 32 (67%) | 0.50 |
| Statin use | 67 (70%) | 36 (75%) | 32 (67%) | 0.36 |
| Chronic kidney disease (GFR < 60) | 50 (52%) | 27 (56%) | 23 (48%) | 0.41 |
| Heart failure severity | ||||
| NYHA class | n = 95 | n = 48 | n = 47 | |
| I–II | 34 (36%) | 11 (23%) | 23 (49%) | NS |
| III–IV | 61 (64%) | 37 (77%) | 24 (51%) | 0.008 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 102 (32–199) | 89 (26–237) | 106 (32–191) | 0.78 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| Ejection fraction (n = 91) | 60 (60–65) | 60 (60–65) | 64 (60–65) | 0.62 |
| IVS (n = 90) | 10 (9–12) | 11 (9–12) | 10 (9–11) | 0.01 |
| Left atrial diameter (n = 91) | 45 (39–50) | 46 (41–50) | 42 (37–50) | 0.24 |
| RVSP (n = 57) | 42 (34–54) | 47 (33–54) | 41 (34–54) | 0.50 |
| E/A ratio (n = 59) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.79 |
| Diastolic dysfunction | n = 49 | n = 25 | n = 24 | |
| Grade 0–1 or indeterminate | 31 (63%) | 14 (56%) | 17 (74%) | NS |
| Grade ≥ 2 | 18 (37%) | 11 (44%) | 7 (26%) | 0.19 |
| RV Systolic Dysfunction (n = 88) | 10 (11%) | 4 (9%) | 6 (14%) | 0.50 |
| Metabolic evaluation | ||||
| Total cholesterol (n = 89) | 150 (122–173) | 138 (112–176) | 154 (130–169) | 0.36 |
| Triglycerides (n = 89) | 106 (82–158) | 116 (91–178) | 102 (78–148) | 0.20 |
| HDL (n = 89) | 45 (36–54) | 43 (36–53) | 48 (38–62) | 0.16 |
| LDL (n = 89) | 71 (55–90) | 68 (46–92) | 75 (58–90) | 0.17 |
| A1c (n = 81) | 6.3 (5.7–7.6) | 6.3 (5.8–8.5) | 6.2 (5.6–7.0) | 0.11 |
| Hepatic evaluation | ||||
| Platelets (n = 94) | 216 (181–272) | 218 (187–273) | 209 (154–266) | 0.35 |
| AST (n = 95) | 26 (20–32) | 25 (21–30) | 28 (20–33) | 0.51 |
| ALT (n = 95) | 23 (17–30) | 24 (16–31) | 21 (17–29) | 0.76 |
| INR (n = 89) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.82 |
| Total bilirubin (n = 95) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.8) | 0.86 |
| Albumin (n = 95) | 4.2 (3.8–4.4) | 4.1 (3.8–4.5) | 4.2 (3.8–4.4) | 0.75 |
| FIB-4 (n = 88) | 1.62 (1.08–2.34) | 1.46 (0.98–2.33) | 1.77 (1.15–2.73) | 0.21 |
| NFS (n = 88) | 0.32 (− 0.82 to 1.38) | 0.54 (− 0.72 to 1.59) | − 0.03 (− 1.25 to 1.04) | 0.06 |
| Cirrhosis by imaging | 11 (11%) | 6 (12%) | 5 (10%) | 0.74 |
Bolded values indicate results that are statistically significant