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. 2020 Jul 24;10:12422. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69068-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Survival of larvae injected with saline (control), naked PAMAM-CNTs, dsRNA or PAMAM-CNT-dsRNA at 96 h post-injection. Larvae were assessed every 24 h for mortality. PAMAM-CNT-dsRNA_mtpol injected larvae (A) had significantly increased mortality compared with dsRNA_mtpol alone (P < 0.05). PAMAM-CNT-dsRNA_αtub injected larvae (B) had significantly increased mortality compared with dsRNA_αtub alone (P = 0.041). The data are presented as means ± SEM (4 replicate groups, n = 10–11 per group). Different letters indicate significant difference in survival between treatments (a > b > c).