Fig. 3. FISC-induced DNA recombination in BALB/c wild-type mice.

a Schematic showing the experimental procedure of light-induced DNA recombination activity in mice. b Comparison of the FISC system with the CRY2-Cre and PA-Cre systems using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. The BALB/c mice were transiently hydrodynamically injected (tail vein) with an iteration of the FISC system comprising three plasmids [pXY137/pXY237 (pA-CreC60-DocS-NLS-P_FRLd-Space3-P_hCMV-CreN59-Coh2-P2A-ZeoR-pA)/pXY185 (luciferase reporter plasmid) at a ratio of 1.5:1:1 (w/w/w)], or the CRY2-Cre, or the PA-Cre system or only the luciferase reporter plasmid pXY185 as control. At 8 h after the injection, the mice were illuminated with FRL (20 mW cm⁻², 730 nm) or blue light (BL, 20 mW cm⁻², 460 nm) for 12 h (15 min on, 15 min off, alternating) or maintained in the dark, followed by imaging at 12 h after light illumination. c Bioluminescence measurements of the BALB/c mice shown in (b) (Control: n = 3, FISC system: n = 4, CRY2-Cre and PA-Cre: n = 5. Data present the mean ± SEM). See Supplementary Table 4 for detailed description of genetic components for each optogenetic system. Source data for this figure are available in the Source data file.