Table 1.
Participant characterization.
| ASD |
SZ |
TD |
Group comparison |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 30) |
(N = 30) |
(N = 30) |
||||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Statistic | p-value | Post-Hoc tests | |
| Age | 21.7 (3.4) | 26.0 (3.5) | 24.2 (3.6) | F (2,87) = 11.3 | p < 0.001 | TD > ASD*; SZ > ASD** |
| IQ (Estimated) | 110 (14.4) | 101 (13.8) | 115 (12.8) | F (2,87) = 7.78 | p = 0.001 | TD > SZ**; ASD > SZ* |
| Gender (M/F)$ | 26/4 | 19/11 | 22/8 | χ2 (2) = 4.32 | p = 0.115 | _ |
| Mean FDRMS (mm) | 0.103 (0.036) | 0.103 (0.037) | 0.068 (0.010) | F (2,87) = 13.3 | p < 0.001 | SZ > TD**; ASD > TD** |
| ADOS Communication | 3.80 (1.38) | 2.67 (2.14) | 1.14 (0.833) | F (2,86) = 21.8 | p < 0.001 | ASD > TD**; SZ > TD**; ASD > SZ* |
| ADOS Social Interaction | 7.07 (2.30) | 5.06 (3.89) | 0.66 (0.97) | F (2,86) = 46.0 | p < 0.001 | ASD > TD**; SZ > TD** |
| IRI Perspective Taking | 16.1 (6.65) | 18.0 (4.59) | 20.6 (4.41) | F (2,86) = 5.21 | p = 0.007 | TD > ASD* |
| IRI Fantasizing | 17.2 (4.52) | 16.2 (5.38) | 16.6 (4.76) | F (2,86) = 0.317 | p = 0.729 | _ |
| IRI Empathy | 18.6 (3.87) | 19.3 (5.38) | 20.7 (4.29) | F (2,86) = 1.61 | p = 0.206 | _ |
| IRI Personal Distress | 13.1 (5.00) | 13.1 (3.83) | 8.53 (5.00) | F (2,86) = 9.80 | p < 0.001 | ASD > TD**; SZ > TD** |
| RMET | 24.4 (3.51) | 24.3 (4.24) | 27.0 (3.22) | F (2,85) = 5.03 | p < 0.009 | TD > ASD*; TD > SZ* |
| SAT | 14.7 (4.55) | 14.0 (3.76) | 16.3 (3.26) | F (2,86) = 2.92 | p = 0.059# | _ |
| PANSS5 Positive | 10.2 (3.15) | 14.1 (4.70) | _ | t (51.0#) = −3.70 | p = 0.001# | _ |
| PANSS5 Negative | 17.1 (5.63) | 19.8 (8.20) | _ | t (51.5#) = −1.44 | p = 0.157# | _ |
| PANSS5 Cognition | 11.9 (3.69) | 13.6 (3.57) | _ | t (55) = −1.78 | p = 0.081 | _ |
| PANSS5 Hostility | 4.85 (1.06) | 4.90 (1.24) | _ | t (55) = −0.156 | p = 0.876 | _ |
| PANSS5 Emotion | 8.89 (3.18) | 10.4 (3.69) | _ | t (55) = −1.61 | p = 0.113 | _ |
| QLS Total | 82.6 (21.4) | 72.7 (20.7) | 111 (11.4) | F (2,87) = 35.8 | p < 0.001# | TD > ASD**; TD > SZ** |
ASD = Autism spectrum disorder, SZ = Schizophrenia, TD = Typically developed, SD = standard deviation, FDRMS = framewise displacement (root mean square), ADOS = autism diagnosis observation schedule, IRI = interpersonal reactivity index, RMET = reading the mind in the eyes Task, SAT = social attribution test, PANSS = positive and negative syndrome scale , QLS = quality of life scale; $=chi-squared test;#=Equal variances assumption not met (Levene’s test); *p ≤ 0.0.05; **p ≤ 0.0.001