p68 promotes renal epithelial cell proliferation by activating ERK, mTOR, and Rb pathways. (A) The expression of p68 was examined with qRT-PCR analysis in PN24 cells transfected with p68 siRNA or control siRNA for 48 h. (B) Cell growth of PN24 cells transfected with p68 siRNA or control siRNA was determined by MTT assay. (C to F) The expression of PCNA in Pkd1 mutant PN24 cells transfected with p68 siRNA or control siRNA for 48 h was examined with PCNA staining (C, D) and Western blot (E, F). Scale bars, 50 µm. (G) Western blot analysis of the expression of Cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of ERK, S6 and Rb as well as the total levels of these proteins in Pkd1 homozygous PN24 transfected with p68 siRNA or control siRNA for 48 h.