Figure 1.

Flubendazole inhibits TNBC in vitro and in vivo. (A) The chemical structure of flubendazole. (B) Heat map of mean IC₅₀ values of flubendazole in multiple tumor cell lines at different times. Cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay, and the IC₅₀ values were calculated by Prism 7.0. (C-D) Colony formation assay of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells treated with or without flubendazole (0.5 µM). Representative images and quantification of colonies were shown. (E) LDH release assay of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells treated with the indicated concentrations of flubendazole for 24 h. (F-I) The images of isolated tumors derived from mice and antitumor activities of flubendazole in representative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 tumors from mice after vehicle and flubendazole treatment: (F and H) tumor volume and (G and I) tumor weight (n = 10), Scale bar, 0.5 cm. (J-K) The expression of Ki67 in representative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 tumor sections of nude mice from vehicle and median dose (20 mg/Kg). Representative images and quantitative analysis of the percentage of positive ratios were shown. Scale bar, 40 µm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. All data were representative of at least three independent experiments. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001. Statistical significance compared with respective control groups.