TABLE 1.
Detailed information about shelter tube construction in lower termites
| Family | Genus | Classification | Site | References | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mastotermitidae | Mastotermes | Multiple‐piece | Fields | Emerson (1938), Lee and Wood (1971) | Video from youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uV2YmJrxEc0, by Tactic Pest Control, 2018, last checked on 3/29/2020 |
| Stolotermitidae | Stolotermes | One‐piece | Laboratory | Morgan (1959) | Drawing (Morgan, 1959) |
| Archotermopsidae | Hodotermopsis | One‐piece | Laboratory | Bordereau and Pasteels (2011) | Picture (Bordereau & Pasteels, 2011) (Figure 3) |
| Zootermopsis | One‐piece | Laboratory | Bordereau and Pasteels (2011) | Picture (Figure 3) | |
| Hodotermitidae | Anacanthotermes | Separate | Field | Khamraev et al. (2008) | Picture*1 (Khamraev et al., 2008) |
| Rhinotermitidae | Schedorhinotermes | Multiple‐piece | Field | Lee and Wood (1971) | Picture*2 (Lee & Wood, 1971) |
| Prorhinotermes | One‐piece | Laboratory | Rupf and Roisin (2008) | Picture (Rupf & Roisin, 2008) | |
| Heterotermes | Multiple‐piece | Field | Shelter tube constructions are very common in these genera (e.g., Mizumoto et al., 2015for the video of Reticulitermes and Figure 1b for Heterotermes) | ||
| Coptotermes | Multiple‐piece | Field | |||
| Reticulitermes | Multiple‐piece | Field | |||
| Potentially similar behavior with shelter tube construction | |||||
| Kalotermitidae | Neotermes | One‐piece | Field*3 | Waterhouse and Norris (1993) | Picture (Waterhouse & Norris, 1993) |
Some are not true shelter tube construction, where *1 indicates mud‐tube coating grass, *2 indicates soil sheeting, and *3 indicate a net‐like pattern of grooves covered with construction.