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The schematic signaling pathways are involved in the effects of pristimerin on the LPS-induced MMP-9 expression in RBA-1 cells. Pristimerin blocks NADPH oxidase/ROS generation-dependent p65 nuclear translocation, ultimately leading to attenuating MMP-9 expression and RBA-1 cell migration. “→” means “activated”; “⊥” means “inhibited”.
