. 2020 Jul 17;15:1171–1180. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S257166

Table 1.

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria for This Study

Inclusion Criteria	Exclusion Criteria
Han Chinese nationality. Menses stops for at least 12 months. Postmenopausal women (age ≥45 years). Residency in Beijing for ≥20 years. Ability to read and provide informed consent.	Rheumatoid arthritis History of glucocorticoid use. History of thyroid supplements, antidepressant treatment. History of metabolic bone disease (eg, type I diabetes, hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta). History of organ transplantation. History of taking anti-OP medications. History of malignant tumor. Operation of lumbar spine or bilateral hips. Significant renal or hepatic impairment.

Inclusion Criteria

Exclusion Criteria

Han Chinese nationality.
Menses stops for at least 12 months.
Postmenopausal women (age ≥45 years).
Residency in Beijing for ≥20 years.
Ability to read and provide informed consent.

Rheumatoid arthritis
History of glucocorticoid use.
History of thyroid supplements, antidepressant treatment.
History of metabolic bone disease (eg, type I diabetes, hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta).
History of organ transplantation.
History of taking anti-OP medications.
History of malignant tumor.
Operation of lumbar spine or bilateral hips.
Significant renal or hepatic impairment.