Table 1.
Results of the subgroup analysis based on severe clinical outcomes associated with COVID-19.
| Comorbidities | Number of studies | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Heterogeneity |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 | ph | ||||
| Obesity | 4 | 1.72 (1.04, 2.85) | 0.034 | 69.8 | 0.019 |
| Clinical symptoms | 3 | 2.29 (1.22, 4.29) | 0.010 | 38.5 | 0.197 |
| Death | 1 | 1.15 (0.98, 1.34) | 0.084 | – | – |
| Hypertension | 24 | 3.17 (2.46, 4.08) | <0.001 | 55.6 | 0.001 |
| Clinical symptoms | 17 | 2.75 (2.08, 3.64) | <0.001 | 48.7 | 0.013 |
| ICU admission | 3 | 5.34 (1.52, 18.71) | 0.009 | 69.7 | 0.037 |
| Death | 4 | 3.45 (2.23, 5.34) | <0.001 | 35.6 | 0.199 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 25 | 2.63 (2.08, 3.33) | <0.001 | 32.6 | 0.060 |
| Clinical symptoms | 17 | 2.73 (1.95, 3.82) | <0.001 | 33.5 | 0.088 |
| ICU admission | 4 | 2.98 (1.49, 5.98) | 0.002 | 48.0 | 0.124 |
| Death | 4 | 2.08 (1.38, 3.15) | 0.001 | 0.0 | 0.728 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 22 | 3.13 (2.65, 3.70) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.476 |
| Clinical symptoms | 14 | 3.05 (2.26, 4.11) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.570 |
| ICU admission | 4 | 2.97 (2.40, 3.68) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.667 |
| Death | 4 | 5.92 (2.66, 13.19) | <0.001 | 32.9 | 0.215 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8 | 2.74 (1.59, 4.74) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.511 |
| Clinical symptoms | 6 | 2.24 (1.26, 3.98) | 0.006 | 0.0 | 0.937 |
| ICU admission | 1 | 20.20 (2.34, 174.44) | 0.006 | – | – |
| Death | 1 | 13.27 (0.71, 249.04) | 0.084 | – | – |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 20 | 3.56 (2.87, 4.41) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.900 |
| Clinical symptoms | 13 | 4.17 (2.67, 6.50) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.918 |
| ICU admission | 3 | 3.32 (2.55, 4.32) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.618 |
| Death | 4 | 4.06 (1.77, 9.31) | 0.001 | 23.2 | 0.272 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 | 3.02 (2.23, 4.08) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.958 |
| Clinical symptoms | 5 | 2.37 (1.05, 5.37) | 0.038 | 0.0 | 0.837 |
| ICU admission | 3 | 3.04 (2.19, 4.23) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.933 |
| Death | 2 | 7.73 (1.29, 46.18) | 0.025 | 0.0 | 0.676 |
| Chronic liver disease | 13 | 1.54 (0.95, 2.49) | 0.080 | 0.0 | 0.451 |
| Clinical symptoms | 8 | 1.15 (0.64, 2.07) | 0.649 | 0.0 | 0.723 |
| ICU admission | 4 | 1.69 (0.47, 6.09) | 0.426 | 25.4 | 0.259 |
| Death | 1 | 8.64 (0.50, 148.0) | 0.137 | – | – |
| Malignancy | 15 | 2.73 (1.73, 4.32) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.920 |
| Clinical symptoms | 9 | 2.88 (1.64, 5.06) | <0.001 | 0.0 | 0.820 |
| ICU admission | 2 | 1.72 (0.50, 5.87) | 0.389 | 0.0 | 0.547 |
| Death | 4 | 3.16 (1.15, 8.70) | 0.026 | 0.0 | 0.580 |
Abbreviations: CIconfidence interval; ICUintensive care unit; ORodds ratio.