Table 1. Descriptive Statistics and ANOVAs on Each Variable by Area.
| Variables | Total respondents, No. | Residence Zone, mean (SD) | P value | Effect size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red | Yellow | Green | ||||
| Women, No. (%) | 2880 | 84 (77.8) | 1847 (77.5) | 268 (67.7) | <.001 | 0.078 |
| Age, y | 2882 | 34.37 (11.21) | 29.79 (12.68) | 34.88 (15.42) | <.001 | 0.144 |
| Education, No. (%)a | ||||||
| Low | 93 | 7 (6.5) | 66 (2.7) | 20 (5.1) | .01 | .049 |
| Medium | 1327 | 48 (44.4) | 1119 (47.1) | 160 (40.4) | ||
| High | 1461 | 53 (49.1) | 1192 (50.2) | 216 (54.5) | ||
| Assessment score, mean (SD) | ||||||
| Physical health | 2619 | 54.45 (5.07) | 54.25 (5.69) | 53.88 (6.20) | .49 | 0.023 |
| Mental health | 2619 | 47.18 (10.65) | 47.94 (10.39) | 47.44 (10.82) | .57 | 0.020 |
| Optimism | 2447 | 2.73 (0.71) | 2.72 (0.81) | 2.79 (0.79) | .31 | 0.031 |
| Need for cognitive closure | 2437 | 3.80 (0.79) | 3.81 (0.82) | 3.93 (0.83) | .05 | 0.049 |
| Internal locus of control | 2411 | 3.60 (0.86) | 3.72 (0.88) | 3.87 (0.89) | .006 | 0.065 |
| Agreeableness | 2428 | 3.18 (0.85) | 3.18 (0.84) | 3.24 (0.83) | .40 | 0.027 |
| Conscientiousness | 2428 | 3.68 (0.72) | 3.69 (0.80) | 3.72 (0.83) | .86 | 0.011 |
| Emotional stability | 2428 | 3.07 (1.05) | 2.97 (1.01) | 2.92 (1.05) | .45 | 0.025 |
| Extroversion | 2428 | 3.24 (0.86) | 3.23 (0.92) | 3.19 (0.94) | .76 | 0.015 |
| Openness | 2428 | 3.39 (1.04) | 3.67 (0.92) | 3.61 (0.99) | .02 | 0.056 |
| Epidemic-related worries | 2830 | 3.00 (1.48) | 2.99 (1.47) | 2.79 (1.56) | .05 | 0.046 |
| Perceived susceptibility | 2829 | 4.20 (1.43) | 3.88 (1.36) | 3.57 (1.35) | <.001 | 0.092 |
| Preventive behaviors | 2829 | 4.25 (1.55) | 3.13 (1.34) | 2.88 (1.38) | <.001 | 0.170 |
| Social appraisal | 2828 | 3.44 (1.61) | 3.41 (1.52) | 3.24 (1.49) | .09 | 0.041 |
a
Education level was classified as low, primary to middle school; medium, high school diploma; and high, bachelor’s or masters degree or postgraduate degree.