Table 3.

Lenient precision, recall, and F1 score of the proposed approaches for named entity recognition.

Entity type	Joint			Contextual-joint			Positional-joint			Knowledge-joint
	Precision	Recall	F1 score	Precision	Recall	F1 score	Precision	Recall	F1 score	Precision	Recall	F1 score
Drug	0.956	0.952	0.954	0.956	0.964	0.960	0.956	0.964	0.960	0.956	0.964	0.960
Strength	0.980	0.969	0.974	0.982	0.971	0.976	0.985	0.976	0.980	0.985	0.976	0.980
Form	0.974	0.942	0.958	0.975	0.939	0.957	0.972	0.943	0.958	0.972	0.943	0.958
Frequency	0.981	0.958	0.970	0.981	0.958	0.969	0.979	0.964	0.971	0.979	0.964	0.971
Route	0.964	0.942	0.953	0.962	0.943	0.952	0.950	0.949	0.949	0.950	0.949	0.949
Dosage	0.943	0.938	0.941	0.941	0.937	0.939	0.936	0.957	0.946	0.936	0.957	0.946
Duration	0.887	0.788	0.835	0.914	0.791	0.848	0.880	0.815	0.846	0.880	0.815	0.846
ADEa	0.649	0.358	0.462	0.643	0.346	0.450	0.660	0.426	0.518	0.589	0.490	0.535
Reason	0.757	0.611	0.676	0.747	0.636	0.687	0.747	0.672	0.708	0.753	0.702	0.727
Overall (micro)	0.948	0.912	0.929	0.947	0.917	0.932	0.943	0.926	0.934	0.941	0.930	0.935

^aADE: adverse drug event.