Table 2.
Outcome matrix
| Author | Physical function | Pain | Spinal mobility | Spinal stiffness | Patient’s global assessment | Peripheral joints/entheses | Acute phase reactants | Spine/hip radiograph | Fatigue |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SM-ARD trials | |||||||||
| Dougados (1994) [41] | +,+ (DFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Dougados (1999) [42] | +,+ (DFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Dougados (2001) [43] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Van der Heijde (2005_2) [44] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASDAI question 4) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Barkhuizen (2006) [27] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Physical therapy trials | |||||||||
| Kraag (1990) [45] | +,+ (TADLQ) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (TADLQ) | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Hidding (1993) [46] | +,+ (DFI 0) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (enthesitis index) | − | −/− | − |
| Helliwell [31] | − | +,+/− (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+/− (VAS) | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Van Tubergen (2001) [47] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | − | − | −/− | − |
| Sweeney (2002) [48] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (SES) | − | − | +,+ (BAS-G) | − | − | −/− | − |
| Analay (2003) [49] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Codish (2005) [50] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+/− (Schober) | − | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Fernandez-de-Las-Penas (2005) [51] | +,+ (BASFI) | − | +,+ (Schober) | − | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Lim [30] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+/− (VAS) | +,+ (FFD) | − | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Ince (2006) [52] | − | − | +,+ (Schober) | − | − | − | − | −/− | − |
| Altan (2006) [53] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (NRS) | +,+ (NRS) | − | − | −/− | − |
| DC-ART trials | |||||||||
| Dougados (1986) [54] | +,+ (DFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | − | +,+ (enthesitis index) | +,+ (ESR) | −/− | − |
| Feltelius [28] | − | +,+/− (VAS) | +,+/− (Schober) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (enthesitis index) | +,+ (ESR) | −/− | − |
| Nissila (1988) [55] | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (22-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Davis (1989) [56] | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (occiput-to-wall distance) | +,+ (VAS) | − | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Winkler (1989) [57] | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (hours) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (66-joint count) | +,+ (ESR) | −/− | − |
| Corkill [58] | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (occiput-to-wall distance) | +,+ (VAS) | − | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Krajnc (1990) [59] | − | − | +,+ (Schober) | − | − | − | −/− | − | |
| Taylor [34] | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+/− (NRS) | +,+/− (joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | +,+/− SIJ score | − |
| Kirwan [29] | +,− (HAQ) | +,− (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+/− (VAS) | +,– (VAS) | +,+/− (44-joint count) | − | −/− | − |
| Clegg (1996) [60] | +,+ (DFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+/− (NRS) | +,+ (44-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Altan [35] | +,+ (DFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,− (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (NRS) | +,+ (enthesitis index) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Braun [36] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+/− (NRS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+/− (minutes) | +,+ (NRS) | +,+ (44-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | +,+/− (NRS) |
| Gorman (2002) [61] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+/− (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (66-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Roychowdhury (2002) [62] | − | − | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+ (minutes) | − | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Schmidt (2002) [63] | +,+ (DFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | − | +,+ (enthesitis index) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Brandt [37] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+/− (NRS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+/− (NRS) | − | +,+/− (66-joint count) | +,+/− (CRP) | −/− | +,+/− (NRS) |
| Davis (2003) [64] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+/− (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | +,– (68-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Calin (2004) [65] | +,+ (BASFI 0) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+ (minutes) | +,+ (VAS) | +,– (68-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | +,+ (VAS) |
| Gonzalez-Lopez [38] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (44-joint count) | +,− (ESR) | −/− | − |
| Marzo-Ortega (2005) [66] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (minutes) | − | +,+ (enthesitis index) | +,− (ESR) | −/− | − |
| Van der Heijde (2005_1) [44] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (enthesitis Index) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Van der Heijde [32] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (44-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Van der Heijde (2006_2) [67] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (Schober) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (70-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Lambert (2007) [68] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (44-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Inman (2008) [69] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | +,+ (JESQ) |
| Barkham (2010) [70] | +,+ (BASFI) | − | − | +,+ (VAS) | − | − | – | −/− | − |
| Inman (2010) [71] | +,+ (BASFI) | − | +,+ (BASMI) | − | +,+ (BAS-G) | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Braun (2011) [72] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+/− (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (66-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Dougados [39] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | − | +,− (VAS) | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | − |
| Navarro-Sarabia (2011) [73] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | − | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (66-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | +,+/− (VAS) |
| Hu [40] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | − | − | − | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | +,+/− (VAS 0–10) |
| Bao (2014) [74] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | − | − | − | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | +,+ (JESQ) |
| Huang (2014) [75] | +,+ (BASFI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (BASMI) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (VAS) | +,+ (44-joint count) | +,+ (CRP) | −/− | – |
+,+ indicates that outcome was measured and fully reported
+,+/− indicates that outcome was measured and partially reported (e.g., only the P value is given for the comparison)
+,− indicates that outcome was measured but not reported
− indicates that outcome was not measured
Abbreviations: DFI Dougados functional index, VAS visual analogue scale, NRS numeric range scale, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, BASFI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, TADLQ Toronto Activity of Daily Living Questionnaire, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire, BASRI Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index, SES Stanford Self-Efficacy Scale, BAS-G Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Index, BASDAI Bath Ankylosing Disease Activity Index, SPARCC SpondyloArthritis Research Consortium of Canada, JESQ Jenkins Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire