. 2020 Jul 25;20:109. doi: 10.1186/s12894-020-00677-4

Table 1.

Main characteristic of the included studies

Reference, year	Nation	primary site	Study design	Surgical technique	Sample size	Age (year)		Sex (M/F)	Stone burden		Stone side
Reference, year	Nation	primary site	Study design	Surgical technique	Sample size	Mean ± SD	Median ± range	Sex (M/F)	(Mean ± SD)	Median ± range	(left / right)
Aboutaleb, 2012 [9]	Kuwait	Lower calyx	CS	PCNL	19	45.33 ± 14.30	–	14/5	17.30 ± 3.30	–	ND
Aboutaleb, 2012 [9]	Kuwait	Lower calyx	CS	fURL	13	47.20 ± 15.20	–	7/6	14.50 ± 3.20	–	ND
Armagan, 2015 [10]	Turkey	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	68	43.60 ± 18.90	–	35/33	13.70 ± 4.20	–	ND
Armagan, 2015 [10]	Turkey	Kidney	CS	fURL	59	49.30 ± 15.30	–	36/23	14.40 ± 3.10	–	ND
Bozkur, 2011 [11]	Turkey	Lower calyx	CS	PCNL	42	47.40 ± 15.50	–	25/17	1.70 ± 0.12	–	20/22
Bozkur, 2011 [11]	Turkey	Lower calyx	CS	fURL	37	41.20 ± 13.60	–	21/16	1.65 ± 0.69	–	19/18
Chung, 2008 [12]	America	Kidney	CS	PCNL	15	–	58.00^a	40/60	–	1.80 (1.0–2.0)	60/40
Chung, 2008 [12]	America	Kidney	CS	fURL	12	–	58.50^a	58/42	–	1.25 (1.0–1.9)	58/42
Ferroud, 2011 [13]	French	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	101	51.70 ± 16.10	–	80/21	8.90 ± 2.70	–	ND
Ferroud, 2011 [13]	French	Kidney	CS	fURL	43	49.20 ± 14.80	–	28/15	8.50 ± 3.20	–	ND
Gu, 2013 [14]	China	Upper ureter	RCT	mPCNL	30	42.50 ± 10.10	–	17/13	17.27^a	–	16/14
Gu, 2013 [14]	China	Upper ureter	RCT	fURL	29	44.22 ± 13.00	–	18/11	16.23^a	–	12/17
Hu, 2016 [15]	China	ureter	CS	mPCNL	104	65.50 ± 4.90	–	56/48	15.80 ± 3.40	–	53/51
Hu, 2016 [15]	China	ureter	CS	fURL	80	65.10 ± 5.20	–	45/35	15.80 ± 3.40	–	47/33
Kirac, 2013 [16]	Turkey	Lower calyx	CS	mPCNL	37	41.02 ± 10.30	–	25/12	10.50 ± 2.20	–	16/22
Kirac, 2013 [16]	Turkey	Lower calyx	CS	fURL	36	37.80 ± 8.70	–	22/14	10.20 ± 2.90	–	14/22
Kruck, 2013 [17]	Germany	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	172	53.30 ± 14.80	–	109/63	12.60 ± 9.50	–	ND
Kruck, 2013 [17]	Germany	Kidney	CS	fURL	108	50.00 ± 16.70	–	69/39	6.80 ± 6.90	–	ND
Kumar, 2015 [18]	India	Lower calyx	RCT	mPCNL	41	33.70 ± 1.60	–	20/21	13.30^a	–	22/19
Kumar, 2015 [18]	India	Lower calyx	RCT	fURL	43	33.40 ± 1.40	–	20/23	13.10^a	–	22/21
Lee, 2015 [6]	Korea	Kidney	RCT	mPCNL	35	59.30 ± 13.30	–	28/7	39.10^a	–	21/14
Lee, 2015 [6]	Korea	Kidney	RCT	fURL	33	55.80 ± 11.20	–	28/5	28.90^a	–	23/10
Ozgor, 2016 [19]	Turkey	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	56	51.40 ± 14.30	–	25/31	19.50 ± 3.90	–	25/31
Ozgor, 2016 [19]	Turkey	Kidney	CS	fURL	56	54.20 ± 10.60	–	22/34	18.30 ± 3.20	–	37/19
Ozgor, 2018 [20]	Turkey	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	58	66.90 ± 5.90	–	28/30	20.30 ± 5.60	–	ND
Ozgor, 2018 [20]	Turkey	Kidney	CS	fURL	60	67.70 ± 6.70	–	33/27	19.00 ± 4.50	–	ND
Pan, 2013 [21]	China	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	59	49.37 ± 14.20	–	36/20	22.37 ± 2.70	–	23/36
Pan, 2013 [21]	China	Kidney	CS	fURL	56	49.32 ± 13.70	–	37/22	22.28 ± 2.60	–	30/26
Sabnis, 2012 [22]	India	Kidney	CS	mPCNL	32	44.48 ± 12.36	–	19/13	1.52 ± 0.33	–	10/22
Sabnis, 2012 [22]	India	Kidney	CS	fURL	32	49.28 ± 12.19	–	25/7	1.42 ± 0.34	–	16/16
Sabnis, 2013 [23]	India	Kidney	RCT	mPCNL	35	38.60 ± 14.60	–	22/13	11.00^a	–	16/19
Sabnis, 2013 [23]	India	Kidney	RCT	fURL	35	43.70 ± 12.10	–	24/11	10.40^a	–	18/17
Schoenthaler,2015 [24]	Germany	Kidney	CS	UMP	30	–	54.30 (19–72)	17/13	–	15.10 (10–20)	ND
Schoenthaler,2015 [24]	Germany	Kidney	CS	fURL	30	–	56.30 (18–76)	ND	–	14.40 (10–20)	ND
Wilhelm, 2015 [25]	Germany	Kidney	CS	UMP	25	–	51.56 (15–75)	15/10	–	19.28 (10–35)	ND
Wilhelm, 2015 [25]	Germany	Kidney	CS	fURL	25	–	51.36 (19–77)	19/6	–	19.20 (10–35)	ND
Zhang, 2014 [26]	China	Upper ureter	CS	mPCNL	32	42.70 ± 13.60	–	24/8	15.60 ± 2.50	–	ND
Zhang, 2014 [26]	China	Upper ureter	CS	fURL	44	43.30 ± 11.00	–	29/15	14.90 ± 2.30	–	ND

RCT randomized controlled trial, CS cohort study, PCNL percutaneous nephrolithotomy, mPCNL minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy, fURL flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy, ND not demonstrated

^aNo SD or range was demonstrated in primary studies