Table 3.

Results of publication bias testing

Study project	Included study	Begg testing		Egger testing		95% CI
		z	P	t	P
Stone free rate	19	1.19	0.234	1.21	0.244	−0.750, 2.750
Operative time	14	0.11	0.913	1.51	0.156	−2.887, 16.001
Decline of Hb	7	1.5	0.133	−2.13	0.101	−5.691, 0.756
Blood transfusion	6	0.24	0.806	0.84	0.463	−1.288, 2.208
Bleeding/hematuria	9	0.73	0.466	1.36	0.216	−0.934, 2.204
Fever/infection	12	0.89	0.373	−1.22	0.251	−2.639, 0.774
Perforation	6	0.38	0.707	−0.6	0.578	−8.271, 5.314
Requiring drug analgesia	5	0.24	0.806	0.56	0.615	−5.318, 7.599