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. 2020 Jul 25;11:316. doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01786-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Gene expression at D28 in collagen sponges seeded with human BM-, SM-, and SF-MSCs under ITS and TGF-β1 conditions. Relative mRNA expression was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction of chondrogenic (COMP, ACAN, SOX9, COL2A1, and COL2B), fibrotic (COL1A1 and VCAN), and hypertrophic (COL10A1 and RUNX2) markers. All results were normalized to RPS29 mRNA expression. Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was performed with a t test to evaluate the effect of TGF-β1 versus ITS for each cellular group separately and was followed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test on all values to evaluate differences in gene expression between all cellular groups. Asterisks represent a significant difference versus control condition (ITS 1%); *p < 0.05, p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Hash signs represent a significant difference between cellular groups; ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001