Table 4.
Positive predictive value (PPV) for pneumonia identified by ICD codes
| Reference | Study years | Cohort size | Databases | ICD-Codes | Included HIV subjects | Gold standard |
Chart confirmed pneumonia | Sensitivity/ Specificity |
PPV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marrie [18] | 1984 | 127 | ICD-9 | Research chart review | 57% | ||||
| Whittle [14] | 1989–1990 | 212 |
PMC + ICD-9 DRG |
PMC + ICD-9 Algorithms: #1 Primary or secondary to related codes #2 Only Primary |
Excluded | Chart review |
65% CAP 24% HAP 11% no pneumonia |
#1 89%/80% #2 84%/86% |
#1 89% #2 92% |
| Draper [16] | 1990 | 4381 | ICD-9 | ICD-9 codes for pneumonia any position | Chart review | 27% no pneumonia | |||
| Justice [13] | 1999–2000 | 881 | Only PWH |
Chart review N = 27 |
53%/95% | ||||
| Aronsky [11] | 1999–2000 | 10,748 |
ICD-9 DRG |
Algorithms #1 restricted codes #2 + 507 and others #3 + resp. failure/sepsis |
Not mentioned | Chart review | N = 272 |
#1 55%/99% #2 65%/99.6% |
#1 79% #2 81% #3 80% |
| Yu [19] | 1997–2005 | > 10,000 | ICD-9 |
Algorithms #1480,487 or 507 as primary #2 Codes any position + LOS + age + other codes |
Not mentioned |
Chart review N = 3991 |
62% CAP Results categorized by age group (18–64, and ≥ 65 years). |
#1 18–64 63%/93% ≥65 65%/85% |
#1 18–64, 91% ≥65, 89% #2 18–64, 84% ≥65, 82% |
| Drahos [7] | 2000–2010 | 25,064 |
ICD9–9 Pharmacy data |
Algorithms #1480–486 #2 codes + verified abx script |
Not mentioned |
Chart review N = 175 |
88% pneumonia (CAP or HAP) 10% no pneumonia |
#1 88% #2 97% |
|
| Storms [23] | 2006–2010 |
Kaiser VSD group |
480–488 |
Not mentioned No validation |
|||||
| Rothberg [15] | 2007–2010 | 250,016 | Permier’s data base |
1ary or secondary to sepsis/resp. failure Chest X ray Abx < 48 h |
AIDS patients 0.05% of sample | 71% pneumonia | |||
| Sogaard [12] | 1995–2007 | 3516 | ICD-10 | Yes | Chart review in N = 77 | Yes | PPV 95% | ||
| Current study | 2002–2008 | 6824 |
ICD-9 Pharmacy |
Algorithmsa #1480–487 + abx #2480–477 primary or secondary to related codes #2 + abx |
Yes (3410 PWH) |
Chart review N = 397 |
72% CAP 74% PWH/66% Uninf |
NA |
#1 76% (PWH77% /Uninf 73%) #2 81% (PWH82%/Uninf75%) #2 + abx 82% (PW H83%/ Uninfected 73%) |
Abx Antibiotics, PMC Patient Management Categories, LOS Length of stay
aSee Table 3 for more details