Table 2.
Multivariate model of factors associated with adherence and viral suppression
| Factor | Adherence | Viral suppression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Demographic and study characteristics | ||||
| Number of abbreviated visits (per visit) | 0.95 | 0.91–0.98 | 1.10 | 1.07–1.13 |
| Number of missed visits (per visit) | 0.97 | 0.95–1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.01 |
| Age (per 10 yr.) | 1.41 | 1.32–1.49 | 1.59 | 1.54–1.64 |
| Race/ethnicity (vs. White, non-Hispanic) | ||||
| African American, non-Hispanic | 0.62 | 0.53–0.72 | 0.71 | 0.66–0.77 |
| Latina/Hispanic | 0.76 | 0.64–0.90 | 0.84 | 0.77–0.91 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander/Native American or Alaskan/Other | 1.10 | 0.79–1.52 | 0.99 | 0.85–1.15 |
| Enrollment wave (vs. 1994–1995 northern site recruits) | ||||
| 2001–2002 northern site recruits | 1.07 | 0.97–1.20 | 1.75 | 1.65–1.85 |
| 2011–2012 northern site recruits | 1.85 | 1.44–2.39 | 3.29 | 2.89–3.75 |
| 2013–2015 southern site recruits | 1.86 | 1.47–2.36 | 4.61 | 4.05–5.25 |
| Less than high school education | 0.95 | 0.87–1.05 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.09 |
| Married or partnered | 1.28 | 1.16–1.42 | 1.18 | 1.12–1.24 |
| Unstable housing | 0.87 | 0.71–1.06 | 0.96 | 0.85–1.09 |
| Unemployed | 0.95 | 0.85–1.06 | 0.78 | 0.72–0.82 |
| Annual household income ≤$24,000 | 1.14 | 1.00–1.29 | 0.86 | 0.81–0.92 |
| No health insurance | 0.85 | 0.69–1.04 | 0.91 | 0.81–1.03 |
| Pregnant in past 6 months | 1.15 | 0.85–1.55 | 0.93 | 0.80–1.09 |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D score ≥ 16) | 0.61 | 0.56–0.67 | 0.76 | 0.73–0.80 |
| Substance use | ||||
| Current smoker | 0.77 | 0.70–0.85 | 0.67 | 0.63–0.70 |
| Alcohol use (vs. None) | ||||
| Low (> 0–7 drinks per week) | 0.88 | 0.79–0.97 | 0.95 | 0.90–1.01 |
| Moderate (> 7–12 drinks per week) | 0.59 | 0.47–0.73 | 0.74 | 0.65–0.85 |
| Heavy (> 12 drinks per week) | 0.51 | 0.43–0.60 | 0.69 | 0.62–0.78 |
| Non-injected illicit drug use | 0.68 | 0.61–0.76 | 0.93 | 0.87–0.99 |
| Injected illicit drug use (vs. Never) | ||||
| Former | 0.94 | 0.84–1.06 | 0.91 | 0.86–0.97 |
| Current | 0.38 | 0.30–0.49 | 0.50 | 0.41–0.61 |
| Medical injection experiences | ||||
| Insulin use (medical injection; vs. Never) | ||||
| Former | 1.00 | 0.77–1.29 | 1.15 | 1.00–1.31 |
| Current | 1.01 | 0.76–1.35 | 1.15 | 0.99–1.33 |
| Depo medroxyprogesterone acetate use (medical injection; vs. Never) | ||||
| Former | 0.92 | 0.81–1.05 | 1.05 | 0.98–1.12 |
| Current | 1.87 | 1.39–2.53 | 1.28 | 1.12–1.46 |
| ART adherence characteristics | ||||
| Cumulative time on ART > cumulative time off ART | 1.32 | 1.12–1.56 | 0.82 | 0.74–0.91 |
| Type of regimen switch (vs. same regimen as previous visit) | ||||
| Re-start (off ART at previous visit) | 0.62 | 0.52–0.74 | 0.38 | 0.34–0.43 |
| Switch (different regimen than previous visit) | 0.83 | 0.72–0.95 | 0.56 | 0.52–0.60 |