Table 3.
Factors associated with treatment outcome among RIF-susceptible and RIF-resistant patients
| RIF-susceptible Patients (252) | RIF-resistant Patients (53) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor outcome | Successful outcome | OR (95% CI)* | p * | Poor outcome | Successful outcome | OR (95% CI)* | p* | ||
| N = 53 | N = 199 | N = 25 | N = 28 | ||||||
| Age | 15–24 | 4 | 28 | 0.49 (0.13, 1.56) | 0.25 | 3 | 2 | 2.56 (0.29, 27.91) | 0.41 |
| 25–34 | 16 | 55 | ref | 5 | 9 | ref | |||
| 35–44 | 11 | 39 | 0.97 (0.39, 2.33) | 0.95 | 8 | 7 | 2.01 (0.44, 9.70) | 0.37 | |
| 45–54 | 13 | 44 | 1.02 (0.43, 2.35) | 0.97 | 6 | 7 | 1.52 (0.31, 7.69) | 0.61 | |
| 55–64 | 8 | 22 | 1.25 (0.45, 3.33) | 0.66 | 2 | 2 | 1.74 (0.14, 21.3) | 0.65 | |
| 65+ | 1 | 11 | 0.32 (0.01, 2.07) | 0.29 | 1 | 1 | 1.73 (0.04, 77.51) | 0.75 | |
| Sex | Male | 45 | 141 | 2.31 (1.05, 5.53) | 0.04 | 23 | 21 | 3.74 (0.74, 28.83) | 0.11 |
| Female | 8 | 58 | ref | 2 | 7 | ref | |||
| Employment | Retired | 10 | 39 | 3.01 (1.01, 9.54) | 0.05 | 4 | 10 | 1.57 (0.22, 14.97) | 0.68 |
| Unemployed | 37 | 89 | 4.89 (2.03, 13.38) | < 0.01 | 19 | 10 | 7.19 (1.37, 57.69) | 0.02 | |
| Employed | 6 | 71 | ref | 2 | 8 | ref | |||
| HIV Positive ** | Yes | 8 | 9 | 3.71 (1.31, 10.4) | 0.01 | 6 | 0 | – | < 0.01 |
| No | 45 | 189 | ref | 19 | 27 | ||||
| Health Care Worker | Yes | 2 | 4 | 1.91 (0.24, 11.04) | 0.48 | 0 | 1 | – | 0.52 |
| No | 51 | 195 | ref | 25 | 27 | ||||
| Police Officer | Yes | 0 | 4 | – | 0.39 | 0 | 1 | – | 0.52 |
| No | 53 | 195 | ref | 25 | 27 | ||||
| Contact *** | Yes | 13 | 57 | 0.84 (0.40, 1.67) | 0.63 | 13 | 8 | 3.17 (0.99, 10.68) | 0.05 |
| No | 38 | 139 | ref | 10 | 20 | ref | |||
| Previous TB history | Yes | 12 | 19 | 2.77 (1.24, 6.16) | <.0001 | 6 | 7 | 0.95 (0.27, 3.32) | 0.9 |
| No | 41 | 180 | ref | 19 | 21 | ref | |||
| Previously Imprisoned# | Yes | 19 | 40 | 2.19 (1.12, 4.23) | 0.02 | 12 | 5 | 4.12 (1.20, 15.7) | 0.02 |
| No | 34 | 157 | ref | 13 | 23 | ref | |||
| Homeless## | Yes | 4 | 2 | 7.91 (1.37, 63.3) | 0.02 | 2 | 2 | 1.13 (0.11, 11.57) | 0.91 |
| No | 49 | 196 | ref | 23 | 26 | ref | |||
| Alcohol | Yes | 12 | 27 | 1.86 (0.84, 3.96) | 0.12 | 8 | 8 | 1.17 (0.35, 3.92) | 0.79 |
| No | 41 | 172 | ref | 17 | 20 | ref | |||
| IDU### | Yes | 4 | 8 | 1.96 (0.50, 6.78) | 0.31 | 5 | 1 | 6.86 (0.87, 175) | 0.07 |
| No | 49 | 189 | ref | 19 | 27 | ref | |||
| Smoke now | Yes | 46 | 146 | 2.38 (1.05, 6.02) | 0.04 | 23 | 22 | 3.07 (0.58, 24.16) | 0.20 |
| No | 7 | 53 | ref | 2 | 6 | ref | |||
| Smoke ever$ | Yes | 49 | 162 | 3.62 (1.17, 15.38) | 0.02 | 25 | 23 | – | 0.03 |
| No | 3 | 36 | ref | 0 | 5 | ||||
| Xpert | Post-Xpert | 20 | 94 | 0.68 (0.36, 1.26) | 0.22 | 11 | 15 | 0.69 (0.23, 2.06) | 0.50 |
| Pre-Xpert | 33 | 105 | ref | 14 | 13 | ref | |||
| Cavity$$ | Yes | 29 | 65 | 2.6 (1.4, 4.8) | 0.003 | 18 | 15 | 2.2 (0.7, 7.0) | 0.17 |
| No | 23 | 134 | ref | 7 | 13 | ref | |||
| TB presentation$$$ | Pulmonary | 47 | 184 | 0.96 (0.3, 3.0) | 0.9 | 23 | 28 | – | 0.13 |
| Any EPT | 4 | 15 | ref | 2 | 0 | ||||
| Smear | Pos | 37 | 105 | 2.1 (1.1, 3.9) | 0.03 | 24 | 22 | 6.5 (0.7, 58.7) | 0.09 |
| Neg | 16 | 94 | ref | 1 | 6 | ref | |||
| Any additional res to FLD& | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 23 | 19 | 3.6 (0.3, 37.8) | 0.3 |
| No | 1 | 3 | ref | ||||||
| Resistance to 4 FLD&& | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 16 | 11 | 2.0 (0.6, 6.6) | 0.3 |
| No | 8 | 11 | ref | ||||||
| Any SLD&&& | Yes | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 8 | 13 | 0.4 (0.1, 1.5) | 0.08 |
| No | 16 | 9 | ref | ||||||
* Conditional maximum likelihood estimate odds ratios and corresponding mid-exact p-values** HIV status was missing for 2 patients (1 RIF-susceptible; 1 RIF-resistant)*** Contact info was missing for 7 patients (5 RIF-susceptible; 2 RIF-resistant)# Prison history and smoking history were missing for 2 patients (RIF-susceptible)## Homeless status was missing for 1 patient (RIF-susceptible)### IDU history was missing for 3 patients (2 RIF-susceptible; 1 RIF-resistant)
$ Smoke ever was missing for 2 patients (RIF-susceptible)
$$ Cavity information was missing for 1 patient (RIF-susceptible)
$$$ TB presentation was missing for 2 patients (RIF-susceptible)
& Any additional resistance to first-line drugs (FLD) was missing for 7 patients (RIF-resistant)
&& Resistance to 4 FLD was missing for 7 patients (RIF-resistant)
&&& Resistance to any second-line drugs (SLD) was missing for 7 patients (RIF-resistant)