TABLE 1.
Health‐related characteristics of the subjects
| Intervention group | Control group | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 61) | (n = 20) | ||
| Age (years) | 33.2 ± 3.7 a | 33.5 ± 3.6 | .751 |
| <35 [n (%)] | 37 (60.7) b | 12 (60.0) | 1.000 |
| ≥35 [n (%)] | 24 (39.3) | 8 (40.0) | |
| Primiparous [n (%)] | 41 (62.7) | 15 (75.0) | .587 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 14.3 ± 4.6 | 16.4 ± 4.6 | .06 |
| Anthropometric data | |||
| Height (cm) | 161.9 ± 5.4 | 162.3 ± 3.8 | .754 |
| Weight at baseline (kg) | 60.4 ± 9.5 | 59.8 ± 11.7 | .456 |
| Pregravid weight (kg) | 58.3 ± 9.4 | 57.1 ± 12.2 | .259 |
| Pregravid BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 ± 3.5 | 21.7 ± 4.5 | .128 |
| <18.5 [n (%)] | 5 (8.2) | 4 (20.0) | .302 |
| 18.5–22.9 [n (%)] | 37 (60.7) | 12 (60.0) | |
| ≥23 [n (%)] | 19 (31.1) | 4 (20.0) | |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 111.6 ± 12.1 | 112.5 ± 9.6 | .595 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 67.4 ± 9.3 | 70.3 ± 11.1 | .209 |
| Self‐reported clinical symptoms | |||
| Anemia [n (%)] | 15 (24.6) | 4 (20.0) | .770 |
| Morning sickness [n (%)] | 45 (73.8) | 16 (80.0) | .767 |
| Constipation [n (%)] | 20 (32.8) | 8 (40.0) | .595 |
No significant difference between the two groups by the independent t test or Mann–Whitney U test at p < .05. No significant difference between the two groups by the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test at p < .05.
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; BP, Blood pressure.
a
Values are mean ± SD.
b
Values are n (%).