Table 1.

Summary of the described graphene biosensors.

Recognition unit	Strength	Weaknesses
Nucleic acid	Artificial synthesis and easy purification of DNA recognition units, diverse signal conversion	Non-specific interference from nuclease and competitive biomolecules
Antibody	High specificity, strong recognition affinity, and real-time analysis	Susceptible to harsh conditions (e.g. high temperature and extreme pH), complicated and time-consuming production of antibodies
Peptide	Easy synthesis and high chemical/thermal stability of peptide recognition units	Limited species of functional peptides, insufficiency in specificity